U.S financial crisis Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

U.S financial crisis - Term Paper ExampleIt was a steady and gradual tread that caught up that finally brings the entire structure crashing down. Some say that it is already over while others fence in that it is far from being so and that it will take days to be able to say the soil has rid of it completely. Regardless of these arguments, it is of the most import that causes be analyzed to provide for an effective solution to the hurt financial state of the country.There is of course the palpable difference between the dynamics of the economy years ago to the current intricacies of todays government laden with globalization and a multifaceted part that encompasses the interlocutory status of a country to many others. The crisis as experienced today can be traced back decades ago to the time of Pres. Ronald Reagan and the heyday of capitalism. This is not a direct attack on the merits of Reaganism tho merely serves proof that the way business was done then does not necessarily carry with it its applicability decades after. The sheer size of businesses today renders this trite from the time when it was at its prime efficiency. This ideology as Francis Fukuyama states in his article titled The Fall of America, Inc. carries two sacred concepts, first, that tax cuts would be self-financing, and second, that financial markets could be automatic (p. 26).The demand for the dollar by majority of international traders allowed the government to push over as inconsequential the budget deficit. The latter, as we know it, is the very essence of free-market capitalism. The problem reverts back to the issue of housing in the United States. The 1980s created a mentality for the need of homeownership as definitive of self-identity among Americans. They have then identify themselves as investors and real property was the trend of investment (Shiller, p. 29). In Britain as it was in the United States, it wasnt just owning a home. It was being a better person (Karabell,

Onboarding Process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Onboarding Process - establish Exampleies, procedures, values, climate, and mission/vision statements and (3) providing transition guidelines to assist the new employee in undertaking expect endeavors with great efficiency and with the optimized use of the organizations resources. Other strategies would be incorporated within the basketball team stages of the onboarding process.The five stages of the onboarding process are (1) preparation (2) orientation (3) integration (4) engagement and (5) follow-up (UNC Charlotte, n.d.). During the first stage, preparation, the new employee is expected to be acclimated on the culture, team, workenvironment, and introduce to policies and procedures and online modules (UNC Charlotte, n.d., p. 7). Therefore, the organization should design introductory modules that would apprise the new employee on the needed crucial overview information on the organization.The second stage, orientation, provides the new employee with additional modules designed t o orient him or her towards enabling the undertaking of expected responsibilities. Orientation could be provided through lectures, online modules, an actual visit through the opposite departments, and introduction of relevant officers and personnel within the organizational hierarchy.employees attendance in HR module development train (UNC Charlotte, n.d., p. 7). This means that as a service personnel, the focus of integration is on the strategies towards performing ones responsibilities in the most efficient and effective way. Likewise, any needed development training in the field of service and customer relationship would be undertaken.meeting performance expectations and contributing to the (organizations) victory (UNC Charlotte, n.d., p. 7). As the word engagement means, the new employee is enjoined and encouraged to show commitment, dedication, and focus on the performance of his or her tasks as well as in interacting with other stakeholders who would be instrumental in the performance

What is a pestle in university of hertfordshire Essay

What is a pestle in university of hertfordshire - Essay ExampleSome of these factors include interest rates, counterchange in taxation, economic growth, inflation and even exchange rates. When these factors are not considered when making critical stopping points in the organization, they whitethorn invasion negatively to the organization. The level of competition also has an impact on the overall decision to be made by an organization.Third factor is sociological factors. Cultural factor may negatively impact on the success of a product in the market. Other social factors such as the religion may also have a negative impact on the organization.Fourth macro-factor that may affect the organization is technology. New technologies create new products and create a demand of specific services. engineering science also poses a threat to the organization through increasing the level of competition. In addition, it creates new opportunities. climatical factors such as weather and climate change may have a negative impact on the organization. Some of the organizations that are likely to be affected by this sector include farming, tourism and also insurance.Lastly, Legal factors also affect the organizations existence and performance. Legal changes might bring about changes in the consumption behavior of the people. Passing of new laws may therefore create new opportunity or eliminate the product from the

Applying Research in Practice Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Applying in Practice - Research story ExampleEvidence based research identifies practices for prevention and management of embrace ulcers that complement and support the originations recommendations. Continuous Bedside Pressure Mapping (CBPM) offers a basis for detecting pressures at different part of a patients body and therefore helps to relocate the patient to offload pressure from the areas (Behrendt, Ghaznavi, Manhan, Craft, & Siddiqui, 2014). The authors accomplished that CBPM reduces patients risk of developing pressure ulcers. In an experimental design, results reported 0.9 percent chance of developing pressure ulcers under CBPM and 4.8 percent chance without application of CBPM. The evidence identifies the guidelines objective for prevention and management of pressure ulcers and with inefficiency. While the guidelines identify need for repositioning in order to alleviate pressure, it fails to provide an approach for high-fidelity determination of pressure levels for p ositioning. This means that according to the guidelines, positioning whitethorn be done when pressure is less(prenominal) than the threshold for causing or worsening pressure ulcers. Similarly, pressure at some point may exceed the threshold level but may not be detected for repositioning.The discrepancy among the guidelines and practice suggest inefficiency in prevention of pressure ulcers, under the guidelines, and this can be inferred to management. Nurses can solvent this by using technology to identify real time pressure at different points of a patients body. With such an approach, repositioning can be effective in preventing pressure ulcers and in offloading pressure from affected regions to facilitate recovery. In addition to accurate monitoring of pressure, nurses can also cooperate with physicians and surgeons to promote surgical intervention for management of pressure ulcers (Giaquinto-Cilliers, 2014). This can facilitate

Unemployment and its Effect on Consumer Spending Term Paper

Unemployment and its Effect on Consumer Spending - Term Paper ExampleUnemployment and its effect on Consumer Spending Unemployment has been a major field that has been prevailing in every countrys rescue since the global economic deferral fall the world during the year 2007.This is calculated by the dividing the total number of unemployed population with that of the employed ones in the country. Unemployment inside a country can bring upon umpteen different negative issues indoors an economy and this could further deteriorate the countrys performance. Consumer spending is an issue that is considered to have an inverse congressship with unemployment. This relation can be graphically presented as fol starts Consumer spending is the total aggregate demand of goods and services within an economy. Consumer spending, in simpler terms, can be referred to as the expenditure made by an individual. Consumer spending usually gets bear upon by different factors prevailing within an econo my. There are many different factors that can go away the take of consumer spending. Unemployment has brought upon severe effects on consumer spending within the entire world. An ontogenesis in the level of unemployment was seen when the recession hit within the 2007, although this recession is considered to be the second recession within the same ten i.e. 2000 2010, it had severe negative effects. The reason that the 1st recession was less damaging was because during that period i.e. 2001-2002, people carried appear their respective expenditure trends because they availed the mortgage facility. On the other hand, consumer spending was severely affected during the second recession period i.e. 2007.... Although the Bureau of Labor Statistics within the United States showed a reduction in the unemployment rate i.e. a fall of 0.4%, people still find it really difficult to find jobs within the country. match to many different commentators, the figures provided by the Bureau of La bor Statistics do not prove to be closer to reality. According to these commentators, an average unemployed worker approximately needs 33 weeks to find a job for himself. such fall back and deteriorating facts contrast the figures provided by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and it is for this reason that many commentators have considered it to be bias (Jacob, 2011). The recent unemployment rate within the United States can be graphically shown as on a lower floor (WSJ, 2012) This increase in the rate of unemployment has led to a reduction in the consumer spending level within the United States. Unemployment and consumer spending have contrasting issues i.e. they are inversely proportional. An increase in the level of unemployment would unquestionably reduce the level of consumer spending within an economy. Consumer spending is a necessary element that is required to scram an economy and it is for this reason, many governments try to put in proper monetary and fiscal policies that may increase consumer spending in order to reduce inflation and maintain other economic factors within a country. The United States consumer spending level has not been pleasing during the past few years. According to the US medico Department, the consumer spending has risen by just a minute 0.1%. This increase has been considered to be really low as opposed to the predictions made by the US Commerce department. The United States

Final Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Final Project - establish ExampleThe firstly Amendment protects the rights of individuals, including prisoners, to their emancipation of communication via letters. It makes Jail Officers wonder why other charges like molestation or deprivation from access to court were included in the complaints. Knowing the drug syndicates take away practically of means to access lawyers and media, this can be a clear indication of the effectiveness of the new office management system against unprecious activities in jail. Or Civil Rights Groups may be right up to a certain extent. There should be more transparency and clarifications concerning the initiatives of the subdivision of Corrections. What should be made know to the public ought to appease every listener and definitely satisfy courts and lawyers as soon as they call for those explanations for clarifications. The governments lawyer should be made to clarify that the procedures are merely temporary. And the reason for its be tempor ary ought to be further explained to judges behind closed doors. Security measures require some take of confidentiality and private discussions among lawyers and judges only. II.Details A.Statement of Facts A new mail policy of the incision of Correction dictated the condition for incoming and outgoing communications by saying that communication must be on a 5x7 inch pre-stamped postcard. Even the ink color was restricted. Return address had to be either indite or printed. Adhesive label was not allowed. However, there were logical reasons connected to law enforcement against the entry of ignominious through mails. The other reason was not directly related to law enforcement, because the Correction Officers simply wanted to make it easier for them to manage the mails daily in the light of insufficient Staff. There was also a policy that would provide three FREE postcards per week for indigents. To be considered indigent, the prisoner must have less than $ 10.00 agreement for 45 days prior to the request for indigent supplies. If not indigent, a prisoner will have to buy the 5 x 7 postcard for $0.50 cents per post card. As a result of these changes, the Department of Corrections received complaint suits for violating the 1st Amendment civil rights pertaining to freedom of expression. Complainants also accused the department of occupy the privacy of prisoners, of interfering with the prisoners access to the courts, of harassing prisoners, of not having a legitimate purpose, of being unnecessarily different from close other prisons in the management of packages and letters. Is it right to heed a few legislators who wanted the Corrections Department to revert back to the original process of mailing? What should be done in response to theme editorials condemnation of the changes believed to be unnecessary? Figure 1 shows the contents of The First Amendment, as follows Figure 1. The First Amendment CONGRESS SHALL MAKE NO LAW RESPECTING AN ESTABLISHMENT OF RELIGION, OR PROHIBITING THE FREE EXERCISE THEREOF OR ABRIDGING THE FREEDOM OF SPEECH, OR OF THE PRESS OR THE RIGHT OF THE PEOPLE PEACEABLY TO ASSEMBLE, AND TO PETITION THE GOVERNMENT FOR A REDRESS OF GRIEVANCES. Included in the first amendment are the following implied situations 1. Censorship is a violation of the freedom of speech. (SCJ Stewart, Potter 1966, Ginzberg v. US, 383 US 463) 2. The right to think is the beginning of freedomspeech is the beginning of thought. (SCJ Kennedy, Anthony M. in Ashcroft v. freehanded Speech Coalition) B.

Critical Response Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

captious Response - Research Paper ExampleThe film clearly indicates how classical modernism, the thing of the past has been replaced by post modernism (Jameson 114). Cultural and social transition The film shows a positive transition in every respect. The opening scene depicts the deserted Madrid side street and the darkest night of Francos regime. At the end, the dark empty streets atomic number 18 replaced with bright light and traffic jams. It shows a positive change from one-man rule to democracy. Besides, at the end of the film, David becomes much accommodative after going through the ups and downs in his life. Same is the faux pas with lord, who feels that life has com full circle for him. His relationship with Elena and his incipient fatherhood transform him into a better psyche socially more acceptable. The fears of the 70s no longer exist in their minds- a delicious change that represents the new cultural ethos that has given rise to democracy and freedom. Victors b irth is contrasted with that of the unhatched baby caught in the traffic jam. This well depicts the cultural change that Spain has undergone over a period of more than 25 years. Fatalistic entrapment The film tells the story of several characters involved in each others fates in ways that are beyond their control. According to Morgan-Tamosunas of Anglia Polytechnic University, all the five central characters are bound unneurotic by a circular relationship of interdependency (188). ... Things happen to him. Therefore, like the other characters, he as well can be seen as a victim of chance and circumstance. The raw feelings of the characters act as catalysts that whet up the actions and reactions. They are cyclic in mature and so there is no escape for them from the entrapment. The camera always focuses on circular objects which are symbolically suggestive of the circular entrapment. The main characters are stuck in this circular entrapment of fatalism. Characterisation and Mascu linity Carne tremula has three well-developed male protagonists in Victor, David and, to a lesser extent, Sancho. Their masculinity is provide through certain tangible, emotional and behavioural codes. The pursuit of physical power by both Victor and David shows this point well. The bathroom sequence and Davids performance on the basket ball court focuses on masculinity. In the case of Victor, masculinity has been challenged by Elena and therefore he is obsessed with masculine prowess and physical strength. The rivalry between David and Victor and the consequent muscle-flexing are considered as a test of masculinity highlighted by camera-angle and framing. Sancho is aggressive and masculine in a perverted and destructive way, resorting to physical violence and emotional manipulation. Clara and Elena are both self-sacrificing characters. Elena suffers repression and guilt complex where as Clara is a victim of self negation. Performance, use of color and music In Carne Tremula, the ensemble is well-chosen. Liverto Rabals (Victor) boyish charm and wit is electrifying. Magnified by the spark advance persona, Javier Bardems performance as paraplegic David asserting himself both physically and

Various Ethical Considerations in Education Essay

Various Ethical Considerations in Education - Essay mannequinThere are certainly ethical issues that bringing up stakeholders need to keep in mind and ruminate over time so that they leave be able to assess the impact of education on the society. Ethical issues in education encompass issues like teacher evaluation, value education, sex education and ergodic drug tests. This paper analyses various ethical considerations in education, and how these considerations are important to the success of education.Education is an ongoing process in our lives. As we grow older, we receive new education and we keep passing the education that we have to others. Ethical considerations are expected to streamline the operation and success of education in pluralitys lives. These considerations are also aimed at regulating the distribution and exchange of education. These ethical considerations apply to two the receivers and givers of education, education institutes, management bodies, parents or even guardians of students.In many instances, educators and other stakeholders in education will be faced with decisions that are normally not in tandem with the organizations policies and values. This is referred to as an ethical dilemma, and in these circumstances, one would be forced to make a decision that does not neutralise the values of the organization. There are many ethical issues in education, and in all these issues, educators ought to be guide by appropriate and noteworthy decision-making strategies. The educator needs to evaluate various issues affecting an organization, and from this, he whitethorn be able to address all challenges facing the organization.The first step in addressing ethical issues in education is an acknowledgment of ethical issues and dilemmas. After this, the nature of the conflict needs to be clarified by the educators. Then, educators need to identify the involved processes in the conflict.

Ethical Leadership Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Ethical Leadership - Dissertation ExampleThe intention of this study is leadership as considered a core aspect in the functioning and success of n organization. Basically, morality assists an organization in fostering good relations with the usual and maintaining sales and good returns. Furthermore, ethics ensures that an organization operates according to the expectations of the public and maintains quality productions. In the past, organizations were basically faced with management problems cod to the theoretical belief on the practice. However, due to the rising concern over leadership and its effectiveness, need for ethics arose. This led to the need for regulations of employees behaviors and decision inwardly an organization. Level of competition has also increased and this led to emergence of unethical practices. This is because organizations were working towards gaining of competitive returns unfairly. Intense competition in the market also led to emergence of technology in operation. This essential organizations to effectively evaluate their operation system and transform it to suit changes in operation so as to avoid losses and increase their market share and level of income in the long-run. However, ethical leadership is traced behavior back from Plato. This is because ethics emphasize on reputation and Plato was so much concerned with reputation. Furthermore, Chester Bernard traces the source of ethics to executive. This is because he spoke of executive responsibility which conforms code of morals. They are presently k

Term Paper Project Domino's Pizza marketing strategist

Project half masks pizza pie marketing strategian - Term Paper Exampleo the increase in demand for debauched food in the market and as a result of which new and existing pizza manufacturers have been put oning or expanding their trading operations in the markets globally. It needs to be mentioned in this regard that the aspect of globalization likewise influenced Dominos pizza pie owing to which the troupe has been making constant attempts to enter or expand their operations in the new global markets. It was found in this respect that Dominos intended to enter the markets of Argentina with their available or innovative fast foods such as pizza and drinks among others in golf-club to realize their expansion plans. History and Origin of Dominos Pizza Dominos Pizza was introduced in the year 1960 and started operating in Michigan, United States by serving fast foods and deserts among others. Gradually, afterward capturing the market of US, the company started to expand its busi ness overseas along with encompassing all the states of US. Presently, the company is cognize to be operating in 70 countries with 10000 stores. Dominos Pizza is considered to be amongst the largest durance of pizza restaurants currently owing to its global presence. Moreover, in the year 1998, the owner of Dominos Pizza sold 93% of the company to Bain Capital Inc and in 2004, it transformed into a public company. Dominos introduced innovative ideas with regard to their food products as well as services for the global market in order to satisfy the customers demands along with expanding the business operations. A few of the innovative food items introduced by the company can be identified as new inspired pizza, Dominos heat wave, a desert food named cinna stix, cheesy dots and classic cheese burger among others. (Dominos Pizza, 2012). It was recently found that Dominos Pizza intends to enter the market of Argentina in order to fulfill its expansion plans. Demographic and geograph ical Factors of Argentina Argentina is a European country and is learnt to be surrounded by Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay and Chile along with Bolivia. Argentina includes 5 cities namely Buenos Aires, Cordoba, Rosario, Mendoza along with La Plata. The total population of Argentina is stated to be 37 million as per 2000 year census. The form of Argentinas government can be identified as Federal Republic with Bicameral Legislative Power. The prevailing religion of Argentina is roman Catholic and the languages spoken are Spanish along with other native tongues (Argentina Xplora, 2001). Internal and External environmental Factors of Argentina The market trends of Argentinas fast food sector reveals demands do exist in the market which marks and justifies the presence of certain companies such as KFC, McDonalds and others in the market. These stated companies have also been found to expand their business operations throughout the various markets of Argentina (Euromonitor, 2012). The rising demand for fast food in Argentina can be ascertained from the amount of fast food stores yield in the country and also from the expansion plans of various

Consumption of the us Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Consumption of the us - explore Paper ExampleIt is important to understand the impacts caused by United States top leadership in the untaughts economy. This is of importance knowing the current economical position of US where fears of recession are plainly delayed often. The result leave adopt an econometric approach. This entails description of all the estimation techniques used, the data dumbfound and the regression model. Later the results got will be used to reject or support the hypothesis that the governmental relationship of United States president tend to have on their countrys GDP. Finally, several commutative tests will be conducted to determine the strength of the model, within which a conclusion of the regression success will be made.Gross Domestic Product is the measure and determinant of national income and output for a effrontery countrys economy over a certain period. It is measure on the total food market value of all final services and goods produced in a c ountry over a presumption period of time (A financial year). The evaluation process of GDP includes the sum of value added at both intermediate stage of all goods and services produced within a country in a given over period monetarily.First, it is important to specify that this study use time series data and ordinary least square regression method of data estimation. Through excel a set of parameters will be evaluated, from which a line of best fit will be obtained.The regression model is developed use figures from 2004 to 2013, which contains enough information of the number of president who have been in office and it has also been the time of international and United States years of Financial crisis. Both the democrats and republicans have shared a time in the presidential seat during this period. This offers an even basis of analysis.Y is the dependent variable, which for the intention of this paper is the going to the growth position in US GDP over the chosen period (2004 to 2013). The data used was obtained from Economic spread abroad of the president,

Think about what it would be like to be a pioneer moving to the West Essay

Think about what it would be like to be a pioneer moving to the west during the 1800s - Essay ExampleMissionaries, explorers, and traders of the 1830s discovered that the west had fertile land for farming and better hunting opportunities. In the 1840s, miners discovered minerals in the west such as gold, silver, lead, nickel, and iron, factors that provided increased chances for pioneers to get a job in these mines. The forests of the west provided timber for construction and sale to the people in the eastern states. The west also provided good sceneries for exploration and adventure and these would inform my decision (Josephson 15).Once I decided to move to the west, I would engender prepared for the difficulties I would encounter on my way there. Pioneers packed supplies to last them the length of the journey lest they sharp-set and failed to make it to their destination. Pioneers had to endure cold and snow on their way to the west. Some of their wagons broke down and slow th eir arrival. I would confirm my baggage to ensure a successful journey to the land that had great prospects (Josephson

God's Existence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Gods Existence - canvas ExampleIrrespective of religion, every child is told about the accountability to the God. The significance and objective of the whole macrocosm gyrate around this answerability. Apart from these thoughts other deliberations that persist encompass- existence of life on the planet is by chance and no one is held responsible to some inspirational life stage or soul. batch belonging to this meet, however, believe in fun and joy as the headland essence of life. Thus, conventionally, four chief arguments related with the existence of God emerged, encompassing- (1) the cosmological argument (2) the teleological argument (3) the ontological argument and (4) the object less(prenominal)on law argument. The present article deals with the teleological argument. This is popularly known as the argument from design (Greek meaning, telos- design). jibe to this argument, the universe confirms the presence of complex life forms, from tiniest creatures to the biggest ani mals and plants everything is in a perfect order and are inter-linked scarce no one modulates these living beings but they are self-modulated in a perfectly controlled manner. The designer or creator has created the life forms in a simplistic manner and therefore, He must be a perfect and well co-ordinate planner to make this world run so smoothly, maintaining the harmonization, dexterity and a perfect balance of complex life forms. Thus there must be a premeditate and decree brainpower behind these synchronizations, thus a belief emerged that a force is certain beyond the nature and thus it is something supernatural Intense understanding, perception, prudence, rationale, acumen and intention must be present in the mind of creator while designing the universe. Therefore, teleological arguments center around diverse reasonable associations betwixt array, motif and creator and have pursued distinct levels of exactitude. According to William Paley, heavenly bodies wander with perfec t verity in their fixed paths the orbits. Every living organism possess a complex life form meeting various metabolic processes and their requirements every second. These intricacies just happen and it is solely the creation of God. Although these arguments could allure millions but in the present scenario of developing science, understanding about the ontogeny of life and various life forms, evolution of planets and the universe, forces behind all(prenominal) movement, theories, interpretations and explanations about the happenings taking place in the universe takes the teleological arguments to some divers(prenominal) path. According to the present arguments, spotlight lies on the fact of fine-tuning of the universe to support life. This is an objection to the Paleys view as the present opposition is based on the theory of evolution and hence they are less susceptible to assault. Evolution theory is capable of explaining the biological systems and design, the progression of e volution of life on the planet. still it is now explained why only the planet Earth could get all the congenial conditions for life and no other planet in the solar system could get all the feasible conditions to promote life. On the contrary, if universe is designed there has to be a designer, the order and complexity of the universe could not convince many believers who firmly believe on the fact that there is a designer, the creator, the God, who has meticulously designed each and everything in the nature in a perfect and ordinate manner, which looks complicated otherwise and is not realistic to create under the scientific environment, i.e. under laboratory conditions. It is true that the forces created artificially to create life could begin life under laboratory conditions but were not enough to convince the existence of life exterior the laboratory condit

Post World War I jewry in america Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Post conception War I jewry in the States - Essay ExampleRarely did the attacks turn violent although there were few recorded cases. Such admit 1902 attack of Irish workers and police on the funeral procession of Rabbi Jacob Joseph in New York City, the lynching of Leo firedog in 1915, the murder of Alan Berg in 1984, and the Crown Heights riots of 1991.Anti-Jewish waned off adjacent the Second World War and the rise of the American Civil Right Movement. Claims by The Black Nation of Islam that Jews were responsible for down(p) labor exploitation, introduction of drugs and alcohol and unfair denomination into the community was conclusively done away with following a survey done in 1964 by the Anti-Defamation League. The survey revealed attitudes on anti-Semitism with the absolute majority office of 29 Hispanic being most Anti-Semitic trailed by 36% for blacks and 9% for whites.The Jewish population has remained strong politically, mostly liberal with the democratic pattern co ntinuing heavily into the 21st century. The vast majority of Jews, since 1936, put one over been recorded to have been Democrats. This saw to the 74% of the Jewish populous voting for John Kerry, a Catholic of partial Jewish descent in the year 2004. Again in the year 2006 87% voted for Democratic candidates for the House (Mendes-Flohr and Judah, 62). Jews were fast becoming prominent in Congress and state governments through the soil in the year 1990 and significantly proved to be ardent supporters of the American Civil Rights Movement.American Jews have since prospered throughout the early 21st century with them being disproportionately represented in academia, business, and politics. Going by Forbes, Forty-five part of the top 40 of the 400 richest Americans are Jewish. Twenty percent of professors in lede universities being Jews, Forty percent of partners in the leading law firms in New York and Washington, Thirty percent of American Nobel prize winners in science and 37 per cent of all American Nobel winners are

Competing Political Interests And Poverty Reduction Essay

Competing policy-making Interests And scantness Reduction - Essay ExampleIt can negatively affect the progress of the nation itself. Poverty is produced by circumstances, not individuals, (Fincher & Wulff, 1998). Economic crisis increases the so-called poverty sector, leading to joblessness and social unrest. A straight-laced planning and a better utilization of the available resources of the nation will lessen the poverty take to a great extent (Narayan & Parker, 2000). Diverting the existing resource to the disadvantaged people is the need of the hour. all nation needs a proper governing authority to plan, accomplish and accelerate its growth. In growth countries especially, governments and political parties lead the show and try to bring progress to the fellowship and stability to the economy by eliminating the curses like poverty. The command party and other political parties try to uplift the general status of the society and go deep into the problems and grievances of t he people to a certain extent. Even though they do apply conviction disputes and conflicts among them, they contribute a lot for the progress of the society and nation (especially rural areas where poverty is still a problem) (Pantazis, Gordon & Levitas, 2006).Political interests and competitions play a major role in eliminating poverty from the nations. In the third ground countries especially, political parties contribute a lot to the development works. Political parties try to perform well during their ruling tenure and take various actions for the negatively privileged sections of the society. They try to look into the agonies of the people of ill-developed areas since such areas have the majority of the population in it. These less developed areas would be eagerly looking forward to a government which can help them to improve their total grade. No political party can eer think of getting the rule in their hand without the votes of these majority weaker sections.

Geographic Information Systems Essay Example for Free

Geographic Information Systems EssayThe future prospects of geographic technologies much(prenominal) as GIS (Geographic Information Systems), satellite images, remote sensing, and more argon increasingly discussed in literature (Matthews and Herbert 2005). Today, GIS software product force out be utilize in a highly efficient way. In 18 years, people are belike to be amazed by what is being done with it. This paper projects the possible impacts of the technologies for the public attend and democratic society of Auckland in the year 2025.The capabilities of GIS will be analysed. In doing so, an overview of GIS is followed by an analysis of the descent between this technology and democratic values and implications of this relationship for Auckland society. Future Horizons Hardware and software costs for twain personal computers and workstations fall in been declining steadily during recent years. This trend, combined with the rapid increases in technology development, will dramatically benefit the GIS market.Geographic data are of great size and require several unique ironware and software adaptations for data entry, processing, and output (Donaldson 120). These adaptations include hardware equipment and digitizers, s washbowlners, and plotters. With a healthy development of GIS market, these adaptations will plump more sophisticated, easier to exercising, and less expensive. The GIS market also will supply a variety of hardware and software innovations from which to choose. Bottom-Up GISIn the year 2025, GIS will be cheaper, faster, easier to use, and supplied with more and better data. As large amounts of local anaesthetic data will become easily available in GIS format, the outlook for GIS in local discipline planning will look very bright. Besides using GIS to inform and analyze in the tralatitiousistic sense, planners will consider using it as a cognitive tool. In this new attack, people take on to use GIS data to exchange their views co ncerning planning processes, similarity issues, and future wishes.This new view of how GIS can be used in planning emerged from recent concern that traditional use of GIS in planning is top-down, controlled, and technicist (Brown 246). Donaldson (2002) have noted that GIS that is merely technological in orientation will fail to address important issues. Therefore, it is likely that GIS will be used in local communities in a way that is not technicist in a fundamental way. One could predict that GIS will have a more democratic approach to planning in which the processes of communication and interaction are considered.As a result, GIS will be used in a bottom-up way that will let the citizens of Auckland characterize their local environment. As a way to ensure a more bottom-up approach to GIS, planners will focus on the cellular inclusion of local knowledge in GIS. There are some examples in regard to planning. Some researchers (Craig Elwood 1998) study how local knowledge was inco rporated in the creation of GIS databases. Such information as how residents value their homes or their feelings about the concerns of a given area was incorporated.Because these approaches have an objective to provide local residents with greater assenting to GIS, they are integrated with other community-based uses of GIS (Matthews and Herbert 2005). New approaches will enable residents to use GIS to communicate how they perceive their neighborhood or the locality in which they live, via their description, evaluation, or propositions for their local environment. New approach will be twain the tool used to explore an issue and the means of its expression.It will be using GIS as a spatial language tool to have access to local knowledge and communicating residents observations, rather than presenting just objective facts. With this new approach, the citizens of Auckland will be able to redefine the questions asked within GIS. For instance, Where are roads about overcrowded? becom es What streets do I consider as inconvenient due to traffic jam? What is the location of park relative to the location of children? becomes What parks are most frequently visited in my neighborhood and how many children use them? (Craig Elwood 104) The answers of the residents to the first type of question create an entirely different image than the answers to the second type. The result is that the capability of the analysis may be significantly improved. Using this new approach, analysis of residents observations that result through traditional visioning processes in answers such as We need to have a better system of transporting become answers such as Here are places where we need to travel and where we prefer to travel, and Here is where we at present can and cannot travel (Donaldson, 189).

Normative ethics Essay Example for Free

Normative moral philosophy Essay1. severalize the facts that might give rise to estimable issues 2. Stakeholders that you would talk to in the task you are the chief ethics officer (CEO) describe company that youre working in IT related. As a CEO, come tabu with guidelines close to the respectable use according to the scenario 3. any rightfulnesss (maltese laws), if the scenario is not covered in laws (use laws of an EU boorish or any country) 4.identify the respectable issues conflict between what it is that youre supposed to be doing and what the law results if there is no law, that doesnt mean that it is in favour of the law Everything up till right off should be OBJECTIVE nobody should assign any moral values to these issues. This isnt an assignment about how you feel (not your opinion) wasting words. Draft guidelines about ethical issues focus on important guidelines 5. Define ethical theory ethical egoism, virtue ethics u emm ohra (do not use ) an umbr ella theory many a(prenominal) subdivisions or else choose between two main theories.Use your own words to describe the ethical theory 6. Start the analysis. Explain what sort of priority. Why is it an ethical issue. What the consequent should be and why that outcome ( giganticest section) 7. Point 7 and 8. If you were doing these in the real worldadjust the rules after some time. doctor consequences 8. How you will implement feedback loop Stick to steps given. Break essay into these sections. Scenario 1 read google agreements provide URL of terms and conditions privacy policy privacy and information lecture ethical issue EU has a position on it.Scenario 2 game AI your company has legal right to rent that data come up with guidelines for collection of samples no. of companies providing information Scenario 3 google glass ex when it is ethical when the glasses should be removed? when they sould be used? how? Come up with company doesnt comport to be IT related compl y with laws guidelines for ethical issues facts how many companies in malta use google cloud, where google stores its data? as long as the subject cannot be identified, it is ethical consequentialism.

The Situation of Women in Pride and Prejudice Essay Example for Free

The blank space of Women in Pride and Prejudice EssayThe novel Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen was set at the turn of the nineteen century, where women had little choice. Generally when reading this novel it may seem as if Austen is reinforcing or eroding sexist stamps of women. Rather than approving the stereotypes, she makes the reader aware of them through characters such as Mrs. Bennett whom portrays the regular way one thought of conglutination during the turn of the nineteen century when women were looked as an object to marry of to a man rather than a human whose feelings mattered. Austen also uses Elizabeth Bennett to show a non uninspired charwoman of that time. Elizabeth is more focused on finding someone she loves rather than marrying anyone to simply satisfy her mother. Although the novel may portray stereotypes of sexism, Austen uses Elizabeth to show how marriage is sound and obsession and that women should have a say in who they discharge the rest of their lives with rather than being seen as adjuncts to the male.During the turn of the nineteen century women had very few rights and choices. Women were ever dependent on men, as daughters they where dependent on their fathers until they married. For this reason women were encouraged to marry base on status and sequel so that they would be taken care of. Austen uses Mrs. Bennett to make the reader aware of the stereotypical thinking of a mother during this time. When Mrs. Bennett hears of Mr. Darcy she is interested because he is a single man of large fortune four or five thousand a year. (3) She is not concerned about how her daughters may conquer along with this gentleman, or even if he has moral.The fact that he has impressive social status is becoming for her allow him to marry on of her daughters. It is almost as if her daughter is an object and she wants to find a emptor and get rid of her as soon as possible. Another example of this is when Mr. Collins comes to visit th e Bennett family and decides to visualize to Elizabeth who is repulsed by the idea and refuses. Mrs. Bennett tries to force Elizabeth to marry Mr. Collins solely on the fact that he ordain inherit their estate. Mrs. Bennett is willing to marry her daughter to any man, in her mind marrying nearly any maintain is more pleasant that remaining single and poor. (237)Elizabeth on the other hand does not agree with mothers thinking, she believes that marriage should be based on love rather than social status and fortune. She proves this by refusing to give up her self respect by marrying the foolish Mr. Collins. (238) When Elizabeth does this Mr. Collins is very surprised, he almost does not pass judgment no for an answer. He assumes that since he has chosen Elizabeth to be his bride that she must simply agree.Austen uses Elizabeth to show how marriage is just and obsession, marrying someone of good fortune does not necessarily mean you will end up happy. She goes against the stereotyp e that her mother portrays in the story and shows that women should have a say in who they marry. She doesnt do what is pass judgment of her , she makes up her own mind and does what she believes is right. Although it is very common for a women to marry a husband to deport her from spinsterhood or to gain financial security, Elizabeth realizes that her happiness is more important than financial stability.Works CitedKubitsckek, Missy D. the true Universally Acknowledged Stereotypes of Women in JaneAustens Pride and Prejudice. Women in Literature. Ed. Jerilyn Fisher and Ellen S.Silber. New York Norton Company, Inc., 2006. 237-239. Print.Gilman, Charlotte P. The Yellow Wallpaper. The Norton Anthology of go around Fiction. Ed.Peter Simon. New York Norton Company, Inc., 2003. 597-608. Print.

Colorimeter Essay Example for Free

Colorimeter EssayRecord the absorbance values for 4ppm Methyl orange tree, making sure to zero the motorcar with the deionised water cuvette after each reading is taken.After I measured out my methyl orange I diluted each with deionised water up to the calibration mark on the volumetric flask. 4. I then poured each solution into separate cuvettes. 5. Recording the absorbance values for each always zeroing in mingled with each reading with a cuvette containing deionised water. 6. Get the absorbance value of the unknown solution. 7. Record results in T fittings 8. Prepare a standard curve graph 9.Estimate the concentration of the unknown solution on your graph. Results Part 2 Concentration Discussion Using a colorimeter I used different coloured liquids to try out beer lamberts law. I did this experiment three times each time recording my results. I believe I proved beer lamberts law and this can be seen by my results which I have listed. I was also able to find the concentrat ion of an unknown solution by plotting it on my graph using its absorbance number.

Schools of Thought Essay Example for Free

Schools of pattern EssayTHERE WERE THREE MAJOR PHILOSOPHIES THAT EXISTED IN ANCIENT CHINESE termS LEGALISM, DAOISM, AND CONFUCIANISM. EACH ism HAD DIFFERENT slipway OF THINKING/BELIEFS THAT INFLUENCED THEIR FOLLOWERS WAYS OF LIFE.ALTHOUGH THESE trainS OF THOUGHT MAY HAVE BEEN fortunate IN ANCIENT CHINESE TIMES, WOULD THEY keep an eye on IN A antiauthoritarian organization IN TODAYS SOCIETY? ONE SCHOOL OF THOUGHT THAT WOULD not FLOURISH IN TODAYS field IS LEGALISM, FOUNDED BY HAN FEIZI. LEGALIST IDEAS WERE BUILT AROUND THE BELIEF THAT ONLY STRICT LAWS ENFORCED BY A brawny RULER WOULD ENSURE ORDER IN SOCIETY, AND THAT THERULER ALONE POSSESSES POWER. IT IS EVIDENT AS TO why THESE PRINCIPLES WOULD NOT WORK IN A parliamentary political science BECAUSE A DEMOCRACY IS A GoerNMENT BY THE PEOPLE FOR THE PEOPLE, AND NO SINGLE cosmos HAS TOTAL CONTROL. HAN FEIZI ALSO BELIEVED THAT PEOPLE ACT issue OF THEIR OWN SELF-INTEREST (ONE FOR solely) AND NOT TO GOOD EXAMPLES (ALL FOR ON E). ALTHOUGH IN TODAYS SOCIETY WE LIKE TO remain TO THE MORALS THAT YOU compose THE GROUP OVER THE INDIVIDUAL, MANY PEOPLE WILL STILL ACT bulge OF GREED AND PUT THEMSELVES FIRST. BUT OUR COUNTRY WOULD NEVER PROSPER IF EVERYONE ALWAYS ACTED OUT OF JUST rigorouslySELF-INTEREST AND BE GREEDY ALL THE TIME. THE LEGALIST IDEOLOGIES CONCERNING SELF-INTEREST COMPLETELY CONTRADICTS THE CONFUCIANS, WHICH IS THE ONE SCHOOL OF THOUGHT THAT COULD SUCCEED IN A DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT IN TODAYS SOCIETY. CONFUCIUS, THE FOUNDER OF THE CONFUCIAN SCHOOL OF THOUGHT, BASED MOST OF HIS IDEAS ON HOW TO REINSTATE PEACE AND ENSURE HARMONY IN A TIME FILLED WITH WAR AND FIGHTING.THE PRINCIPLES HE CONSTRUCTED IN ANCIENT CHINESE TIMES COULD ALSO SUCCEED IN A DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT TODAY. CONFUCIUS HAD THE IDEA THAT A SUPERIOR individual IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE WELL BEING OF THE INFERIOR PERSON.THIS WOULD SUCCEED IN TODAYS SOCIETY IN A DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT BECAUSE ITS JUST LIKE HAVING A PRESIDENT. THEY DONT HAV E COMPLETE CONTROL OVER THE LIVES OF THE PEOPLE, BUT GUARANTEES US WELFARE AS CITIZENS. CONFUCIUS ALSO HAD MANY THOUGHTS ON RELATIONSHIPSAND MAINLY THAT THE SUPERIOR PERSON SUCH AS A FATHER SHOULD SET AN EXAMPLE FOR THE INFERIOR ONE SUCH AS A SON.THIS IDEA WOULD ALSO SUCCEED TODAY. OUR COUNTRY WILL ONLY BENEFIT IF PROPER ETIQUETTES AND WAYS WERE INTRODUCED TO OTHERS FOR THEM TO FOLLOW AS WELL. LASTLY, CONFUCIUS regularizeD A HEAVY EMPHASIS ON LEARNING WHICH WOULD BE SUCCESSFUL IN ANYSOCIETY DURING ANY TIME. THE LAST SCHOOL OF THOUGH IS DAOISM, AND IT WOULD NOT BE equal to(p) TO THRIVE IN TODAYS SOCIETY IN A DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT.DAOISM IS SIMILAR TO CONFUCIANISM BECAUSE IT withal SEARCHED FOR WAYS TO ENSURE PEACE IN SOCIETY, BUT THIS PHILOSOPHY TOOK A DIFFERENT ROUTE IN DOING SO.THE FOUNDER OF DAOISM, LAO ZI PUT MUCH EMPHASIS ON THE LINK BETWEEN PEOPLE AND NATURE, AND BELIEVED THE trump out WAY TO LIVE WAS THE NATURAL WAY. JUST BASED OFF THE BACKBONE PRINCIPLES OF THIS PHILOSOPH Y, IT IS APPARENT THAT IT WOULD NOT BE SUCCESSFUL TODAY. IN OUR WORLD TODAY, EVERYTHING IS BASED ON USING OUR NEW TECHNOLOGIES TOTHE FULLEST, AND USING THEM TO MODERNIZE OUR STANDARDS OF live AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE. ALTHOUGH DAOISTS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR INVENTIONS SUCH AS THE MAGNETIC COMPASS ADVANCES INSCIENCE AND ASTRONOMY, THEY STILL USED THEM IN HARMONY WITH NATURE, WHICH IS THE EXACT OPPOSITE OF WHAT WE DO TODAY. OUR SOCIETY IS ALL ABOUT MAKING ADVANCES IN OUR TECHNOLOGIES, WITHOUT GIVING A THOUGH TO HOW MUCH IT IS HURTING OUR ENVIRONMENT BECAUSE WE PUT SUCH LITTLE EMPHASIS ON NATURE.THE MAIN understanding THAT DAOISM WOULD NOT BLEND WITH A DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT IS BECAUSE DAOISM WAS ALSO A GROUNDED BY THE IDEA THAT GOVERNMENT SHOULD BE RUN BY a few(prenominal)LAWS AND LITTLE TO NO RULE. IF OUR GOVERNMENT WERE LIKE THAT, SO MANY CRIMES AND WRONG DOINGS WOULD TAKE PLACE THAT THE COUNTRY WOULD FALL APART IN A MATTER OF DAYS.OVERALL, THE THREE SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT ARE NOT BEST SUITED TO SUCCEED IN TODAYS SOCIETY IN A DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT MAINLY DUE TO THE FACT THAT THEY THEIR PRINCIPLES WERE SHAPED IN ANCIENT CHINESE TIMES. THE ONLY REASON CONFUCIANISM IS THE ONLY SCHOOL OF THOUGH THAT COULD PROSPER TODAY IS BECAUSE IT IS THE ONLY ONE WHOS IDEOLOGIES SOMEWHAT tally SOME OF OUR MORALITIES AND GOVERNMENT POLICIES WE ABIDE BY TODAY.

Kevin Stevenson retires as AASB Chair Essay Example for Free

Kevin Stevenson retires as AASB Chair EssayThis article is touch on with the accomplishments and achievements of Kevin Stevenson upon his retirement as the Chairman of the Australian bill Standards Board on 30th June 2014. During his tenure, Kevin Stevenson take c atomic number 18d that the long traditions of financial reporting were upheld both internationally and domestically and also provided counsel on issues concerning the FRC. Mr. Stevenson was an example of pioneer tired setters for generations down the line as he was among the founding members of the Accounting Standards Advisory Forum of the International Accounting Standards Board. Through his predateership, the AASBs Research Centre was established as Stevenson served the Asian-Oceanian Standard Setters Groups chair. His principal(prenominal) focus was to work in the interest of the public, as stated by Lynn Wood, the FRCs chair and regent of the IFRS Foundation. In concurrence is Ian Mackintosh, the former Ch air of the PSASB of Australia and Deputy Chair of IASB. According to Mackintosh, Stevenson largely contributed in the motions by Asia countries like Nepal and Korea to the IFRS. From the onset of the 1970s, Mr. Stevenson attention was driven towards setting principal based standards and developing a conceptual Framework to be used in financial reporting. He exponentd for bill regulations as evidenced by his association with the Accounting Research Foundation and later on watched over the growth of the AARF upon being plant its Director. He was at the forefront of setting the international pace in the evolution of common report standards for both the public and the private sectors. Stevenson largely contributed to the formation of the Public Sector Accounting and also compete a authoritative role in the establishment of the stable platform of International Financial reportage Standards in 2005 for adoption in Australia and the entire Europe.Concepts, ideas and facts Team work and leadership are two important components that must be in alignment so as to provide effective high quality and efficient bill services. A strategic human resource management model provides guidance to accountancy squads and leaders to contain high-quality services in a timely manner. Accounting operates inwardly a carrying into action measurement that tolerates no errors. Therefore, a state-of-the-art investigation regards scientific leadership working with major stakeholders as a team to provide the best accounting services to a fake investigation. The new techniques of accounting are significant steps in the right direction and they posit leaders with skills and business tools to apply concepts such as efficiency, cost benefit analysis, economies of scale and cost- effectiveness analysis that will measure continuous improvement on a regular basis. Effective leadership is needed to develop, design and implement a solution that would resolve the amount competency o f an organization. Strategic leadership in accounting provides quality and timely accounting services to a alliance. Such leadership like that o Stevenson brings together a fragmented system consisting of thousands of accountants working within a fragmented system of organizations. Effective teamwork and leadership in accounting shows the course through the development of new innovative fraud investigations for the future. Leaders in positions like that of Stevenson are encouraged to consider both the social and moral implications of their decisions with regard to how their decisions will affect the clients and shareholders of the company. It is the ethical responsibility of every employee to ensure their company does not illegally evade income taxes or allow questionable deductions. They should ensure that the company finds are allocated to the let activities based on their importance and determine the important elements of the business.The accounting issue One major way o f improving the confidence in financial reporting and accounting is to ensure that there is improvement in ethical standards, reporting mechanisms, strengthening of set upance and adequacy of financial management. It is ethical to maintain the right to the righteousness while practicing accounting and financial reporting. Those who use financial statements obligate the right to accurate and truthful teaching when engaging in investment strategies. Clients have a legal right to receive competent and lord services from accountants who have a legal obligation to perform their responsibilities within the constraints of their skills. It is often argued that most accountants lack ethical ability to recognize and solve ethical dilemmas. This has necessitated the need to include morality education as a major component of the accounting profession. The development of professional ethics and values should be initiated primal in the accounting profession and be emphasized throughout th e career.Major issue of the article Stevenson clear shows that it is the responsibility of management to serve the best interests of the company that they are providing auditing and accounting services for, investors and society as a whole. This can be done by providing truthful and accurate financial records. Ethical guidelines require that management should be honest, concise, accurate and complete while recording financial data to ensure ethics are held to the highest degree. It is also the duty of every employee to make wise, informed decisions about the future of a company. These accounting standards are useful in financial reporting and accounting as they are processes that are shortly under a great deal of scrutiny. The two are important functions that organizations should take care of and ensure that they exhibit a high code of ethics. This is because clients and shareholders use accounting and financial reports in their decision make process. Legal and ethical issue s are important elements of financial reporting and accounting as has been demonstrated by the positions assumed by Mr. Stevenson. These issues prompted Stevenson to establish financial reporting and accounting departments to set up specific sets of rules that govern the functioning of any organization.Relevant topics and theories The long traditions of financial reporting applied Positive Accounting accomplishable action by focusing on various(a) aspects that are of major interest to accounting techniques and the issues that provided an informative priming coat and the gives in depth details of the functionality of accounting in financial reporting. Positive Accounting gives a holistic description of what is currently unknown and proposes future considerations. Financial reporting and accounting apply to any stinting entity relating to the companys future business. The major ethical elements involved are objectivity, competence, independence and integrity. These ethical e lements require that accountants and financial reporters are independent of the clients to whom they provide financial and accounting services. Ethical obligations help to determine the effectiveness of accounting and financial report and redress any imbalance that may alter information symmetry. The move by Nepal and Korea followed the ethical guidelines of financial reporting and never let the desire for a better vivification and acquiring more possession get in the way of their financial obligations. It is ethical for any employee of the accounting or financial department working in the public or private sector to delay loyal and impartial to ethical obligations when reviewing both individual and financial reports. It is usual for one to encounter various ethical issues and it is therefore important for one to remain vigilant to resist temptations to manipulate financial records that could spoil ethical guidelines. Transparency and integrity are important ethical elements of normative accounting theory. Some companies may receive pressure from management to maintain a certain public image. This is because some public companies have the burden of succeeding at high levels and it becomes an ethical issue for them to maintain true reports of the company assets, winnings and liabilities without succumbing to the pressure from management. It is unethical for management to alter the financial records of its company and manipulate the numbers to create a false image of the success of the company. This only leads to prosperity in the short term since such fraud cases are discovered by the Securities and Exchange Commission ultimately spelling the downfall of the company. For these reasons, accounting theories allege that companies must remain ethically vigilant to avoid breaching the code of conduct. High standards of ethical behavior are expected for those people engaging in accounting and financial reporting. These standards provide rules and guidance to em ployees in the performance of their professional obligations. Poor decision making by management based on faulty or manipulated financial records aimed at deceiving the public about a companys financial health has negative consequences on the business. It is therefore unethical for management to overlook such behavior. Given how tempting it is for companies to manipulate their financial records in order to portray an image of economic health, management should provide the last defense contingent to prevent accounting fraud.In comment earn 1, the Financial Reporting Committee of the IMA wrote to express its views on financial accounting standards on simplification of the income statement presentation through the evacuation of the concept of uncomparable items. The FRC is in charge of several accounting books of different companies this in essence means that they are aerated with the responsibility of making timely responses to statements, pronouncements, research legislations, p roposals and pending legislations. Their main concern in this letter is the manifold spirit of financial statements in FASB comment letters. They support the simplication initiative adopted by the board as regards to making the financial statements easier to understand by the common folk CITATION Sch l 1033 (Schroder, 2014). Their support is on the elimination of elimination of particular ordinary items as in most times this criterion is not always met.Their proposal and then rids of the tedious work in the preparation of financial documents and whether this requirement is met by auditors in the process of doing their work. Their support is based on the fact that it reduces to a great extending the complex nature of the time for the allocation of the provision of income tax by reducing the occurrence of other income items occurring. They hence advocate for a thorough examination of the details of this suggested proposal CITATION Sch l 1033 (Schroder, 2014).In comment letter num ber 2, Marcum Accountants and Advisors write to the FASB regarding the proposed accounting standards through the simplification of the income statement by elimination of the concept of howling(prenominal) items. Their letter is generally a response to several questions regarding the process of simplification of the income statement. They support the concept of elimination of special ordinary items from the General Accounting principles. Their contention is based on the difficulty of application the extra ordinary items in accounting practice CITATION Giu14 l 1033 (Giugliano, 2014). They thus support the application for extra ordinary items in previous accounting periods. A sudden change of the rules would otherwise lead to bewilderment in the accounting practice. The ease of application of the proposed update makes it easy to make these recommended changes quite easy to adopt. They thus suggest the immediate adoption of the proposed update.They are in agreement with the decision by the board to suffer to the principle of separate disclosure of infrequent transactions. Items must thus meet the definition of occurring infrequently in recurrent expenditure. They list the following examples as those that should not be classified as unusual or infrequently occurring occupancy related expense, routine tax audit returns and losses and gains from reimbursements from insurance CITATION Giu14 l 1033 (Giugliano, 2014). They thus suggest the importance of offering guidance on the determination of unusual items. Proper definitions should thus be provided of the unusually occurring items.In comment letter 3, Ford Motor Company also writes in support of the simplication initiative by FASB. Their agreement is based on the objective of evaluation, identification and improvement of the generally accepted accounting principles CITATION Cal14 l 1033 (Callahan, 2014). This thus means that the reduction of the cost of complexity is possible with the simplification of the incom e statement. They are also in agreement with the board that such an update would not lead to data loss. The overall benefit would be to the end users of such financial statements.ReferencesCallahan, S. (2014). Ford Company.Giugliano, G. (2014). Marcum Accountants.Schroder, N. (2014). Institute of way Accounting.Source document

Audre Lorde Essay Example for Free

Audre Lorde EssayOn page 388 of the classs anthology there is a work by Audre Lorde entitled Power. What interests me approximately this work is how Lorde mouthed her poem(s) with a meaningful purpose she expresses and explores pride, discern anger, fear, racial and sexual oppression, urban neglect and personal survival. In connection, the dubiety that I want to seek is, where does Audre Lorde get her inspiration to write? Audre Lorde a self-styled b deprivation, lesbian, warrior, poet dedicated her life to addressing the injustices of racism, sexism and homophobia. She had a creative gift of confronting these issues through her writing. Audre writes poetry, essays and autobiographies, she has a great impact on American and African-American literature, feminist theory, and gender studies. Audre, whose overlord name was Audrey Geraldine Lorde at the age of four she learned how to talk while she learned to read. Audres stick taught her to write and during that time Audre dis alike(p) the way her name was spelled, she didnt like the tail of the Y intermission down below the line, so she would omit it she loved the evenness of Audre Lorde.This inspired Audre to write a dampen autobiography and part revisionary myth called Zami A New Spelling of My Name. I loved the way she opens with a beautiful question of spiritual and intellectual indebtedness, To whom do I owe the power behind my voice, what authorisation I have become, yeasting up like sudden blood from under the bruised skins trounce? Zami tells the stratum of- as Audre said it coming out blackened and whole, in the story she expresses her identity as a fierce black lesbian woman, she talks about becoming a loving woman, a poet, a creator of self-authored words and perceptions.In Lodres words Zami is a biomythography which is combining history, biography, and myth. She also foc go fors on her developing lesbian identity and her response to racism in the white feminist and gay communities, and to sexism and homophobia in the African American community. The ele custodyts that make the book so good are its personal honesty and lack of cockiness, characteristics that shine through her writing. When reading about her experiences and her life story she shows an exquisite imagery, she talks about her atomic number 74 Indianheritage and its shows in her pictures and use of words. In Lordes poem Power she uses her poetic prose to express her feelings of anger and emphasis over an unfortunate incident that happened in New York City in the deep 1970s. She expresses her outrage and disgust at a racist society that allowed a childs oddment to be buried with no true justice. Growing up in Harlem Lorde understood the difficulties that people encountered when lean was involved. In Power it seems like she is trying to use her poetic gift to stand up for these racial injustices and try to make a difference.She wanted to be seekd, instead of just using rhetoric and the use of eff ective writing, it was like she was searching for the power she has as an African-American woman poet, to make people hear and really think about racial injustices. Power is a poem that has two different levels of meanings, erratum and nonliteral. Literal because the narrative poem is literally about Clifford Glover, a ten year old African- American boy from Queens who was shot by a Caucasian police officer that was acquitted by a jury.Nonliteral, because it has a more poetic intent Audres reaction and feelings of fury and disgust over that incident. She mixes this racial injustice with her own furious and unsatisfied feelings in this piece. When reading this poem I had to read it a few times so I could really understand the emotions and meanings in each stanza. The showtime two stanzas are about Lordes feelings and images she sees due to this violent tragedy she expresses her natural woman reason that children must come first in a blunt and short poetic verse.The third stanza t ells the story of Clifford Glovers death and the proof of the racial insensitivity displayed by the police officer. The fourth stanza talks about the trial of the officer and the jury that granted him an acquittal. It was a jury made of mostly white men and one African- American woman. The last stanza goes back to Lordes feelings about the injustice that the boy received and her fury over it. She shares her thoughts of what awful acts she might perform if she doesnt use her own power as an African- American woman with a poetic gift to find the difference in poetry and rhetoric.When Lorde heard the verdict she was so furious about the incident she thought she was going to drive her car into a wall, so she had to pull over and jot down her thoughts, which inspired her to write this poem. In conclusion the answer to my question is that Audre Lorde gets her inspiration to write from her personal life experiences, the wrongs that are being done around the world and the injusticeness that occurs money box this day in our society. She feels the need to express her thoughts so that other people around can in reality open their eyes to see whats really going on in the world.I like that Lorde wasnt afraid of what people may have thought about her writing as recollective as she expressed what she felt was right and honest. Anatol, Gisele Liza. Border Crossings in Audre Lordes Zami Triangular Linkage of Identity and Desire. MaComere journal of the Association of Caribbean Women Writers and Scholars 4 (2001) 130-41. Landy, Alice. The Heath Introduction to Literature sixth Ed. Boston, New York, Houghton Mifflin Company, 2000. Print The Lorde Compendium Essay, Speeches, and Journals, existence by Alice Walker, Pandora (London), 1996.

International and Intercultural Communication Essay Example for Free

International and Inter cultural Communication EssayInternational and Intercultural Communications tidy up been of great interest to the Hofstede Centre for many years. In fact Geert Hofstedes props of close set about been the about widely disseminated of all theories. Hofstedes five cultural dimensions ar, 1) Power Distance, 2) Individualism or Collectivism, 3) Masculinity-Femininity, 4) Uncertainty Avoidance, and 5) mindless or yearn Term Orientation. (Donald Baack, 2012, Chapter 2.4). Professor Geert Hofstede conducted one of the most comprehensive studies of how values in the workplace are influenced by culture. He analyzed a large database of employee value grads collected in spite of appearance IBM between 1967 and 1973. The data covered much than 70 countries, from which Hofstede first used the 40 countries with the largest groups of respondents and afterwards across-the-board the analysis to 50 countries and 3 regions. (The Hofstede Center, n.d.).In the nex t few pages I will compare the similarities and differences in scores between the countries of Croatia and Slovenia in relation to Hofstedes five cultural dimensions as easy as provide a scenario involving dickens organizations, one located in each country and their melody practices relating to the unlike cultural perspectives. In the dimension of Power-Distance Croatia scores high with a score of 73 which means the mass accept a hierarchical order in which everybody has a place and which needs no pass on fullification. In this type of high society people stockpile to be told what to do and this is accepted as the norm. (Hofstede Centre, n.d.). Slovenia excessively scored high in the dimension of Power-Distance with a score of 71. What this displays is two of the former eastern European countries, are very similar in their societal beliefs in hierarchal order and the populace was still routed in a culture where subordinates do as they are told by the boss and the boss is an autocrat in the bigger sense.In the second of thefive cultural dimensions Individualism or Collectivism, Croatia scored 33 which are considered a collectivistic society. This is manifest in a close long-term commitment to the member group, be that a family, extended family, or extended relationships. Loyalty in a collectivist culture is paramount, and over-rides most some other societal rules and regulations. The society fosters strong relationships where everyone takes responsibility for fellow members of their group. In collectivist societies offence leads to shame and hurt of face, employer/employee relationships are perceived in moral terms (like a family link) hiring and promotion decisions take account of the employees in-group, management is the management of groups. (The Hofstede Centre, n.d.). Slovenia, had a score of 27 is also considered a collectivistic society just like we saw in Croatia. Once again the two bordering countries are nearly identical in their collectivi st societies.Our third dimension of Masculinity-Femininity resulted in a score of 40. With this score they are considered a relatively feminine society. Feminine societies focus on the theory of work to live. In a feminine society it is also common for managers to seek consensus. Even with such a disparity in scores and Slovenias score of 19 on this dimension, they too are considered more of a feminine society. Like the culture of Croatia they work to live and the people value things like equality, solidarity and pleasure in their working lives. Conflicts are persistent by compromise and negotiation. Incentives such as free time and flexibility are favored. Focus is on well-being, status is not shown. (The Hofstede Centre, n.d.). The fourth dimension of Uncertainty Avoidance resulted in a score of 80 signifying a very high preference for subdueing uncertainty. As stated in the Hofstede report, Countries exhibiting high uncertainty dodging maintain rigid codes of belief and beha vior and are intolerant of unorthodox behavior and ideas.In these cultures at that place is an emotional need for rules (even if the rules never seem to work) time is money, people have an inner urge to be busy and work hard, precision and punctuality are the norm, innovation may be resisted, security is an primal element in individual motivation. (The Hofstede Centre, n.d.). Slovenia also scored sort of a high with an 88 signifying they too choose to avoid uncertainty and need rules regardless of the effectiveness of them. Our final dimension is the dimension of Short or Long Term Orientation. In the comparison statistics this is referred to aspragmatism and indulgence. Croatia achieved scores of 58 and 33 respectively. These figures indicate that the Croatian society imagine truth is dependent on situations, context of what is said and the time. They show an ability to conform traditions easily to changed conditions, a strong propensity to save and invest thriftiness, and pe rseverance in achieving results. (The Hofstede Centre, n.d.).The 33 score received for indulgence is an indication of a restrained country. Societies with a low score in this dimension have a tendency to cynicism and pessimism. Also, in demarcation to indulgent societies, restrained societies do not tack much emphasis on leisure time and control the gratification of their desires. People with this orientation have the perception that their actions are restrained by social norms and feel that indulging themselves is somewhat wrong. (The Hofstede Centre, n.d.). Slovenia had scores of 49 in pragmatism and 48 in indulgence. These scores both result in no clear preference for one or the other. As I have testd by comparing the results for these two countries, bordering countries can be quite similar in some aspects of International and Intercultural Communications but quite different in others.As an example if I opened a car repair business or franchise in these two countries and expect ed them to work together some of the things I could expect is, they both would struggle with working together since they both prefer autocratic leaders and operate under the concept of being told what to do. What this means to me is that regardless if I am physically there with them or providing converse from afar they will execute all actions to benefit the business in a positive expressive style. These societies affirm on face and losing face by failure is not an option they accept easily. In contrast to this is they both enjoy the benefits of family time, strong ties to immediate and extended family (the organization), managers often seek consensus and conflict is resolved through compromise and negotiation. This later part about conflict resolution is because both societies are feministic in character and as we all know, women are often times more level headed and less apt to travel off the handle over little issues that can be resolved in an agreeable manner when thought out and discussed properly.This could be beneficial or difficult since us Americans believe in more time at work than time with family in todays working environment. I believe this is an instance where I would need to adjust my work ethic in order togain more from these two countries in keeping with their societal beliefs and standards. From my perception of Hofstedes five cultural dimensions is that two companies in these two countries of Croatia and Slovenia would work very well together and in fact complement one some other nicely, leading to great success for the organization. What I have done in the past few pages is to demonstrate the similarities and differences in scores between the countries of Croatia and Slovenia in relation to Hofstedes five cultural dimensions as well as provided you with the scenario involving two organizations, one located in each country and their business practices relating to the different cultural perspectives. I believe Hofstedes five dimensions were quite relevant when originally complied and are still quite relevant today.ReferencesBaack, D., Management Communication, 2012. Retrieved fromhttps//content.ashford.edu/books/AUBUS600.12.1Mind Tools Ltd, 1996-2014. Retrieved fromhttp//www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_66.htmThe Hofstede Centre, National Cultural Dimensions, n.d. Retrieved from http//geert-hofstede.com/national-culture.html The Hofstede Centre, National Cultural Dimensions, n.d. Retrieved from http//geert-hofstede.com/croatia.html

Kilarjian v. Vastola Essay Example for Free

Kilarjian v. Vastola EssayPlaintiffs contended that the deviation in the financing cost they experience because of the delay should be presented as damages because the breach by defendants will result in a higher(prenominal) financing cost. Also, plaintiffs strongly stress the breach of rationalize because they suffered costs and attorneys fees as come up as financing costs for the delay in acquiring a second owe obligation Defendants delay should be mensurable as damages for plaintiffs. On June 15, 2004, plaintiffs real estate attorney forwarded a time-of-the-essence letter to defendants, setting a closure date of June 25, 2004. Defendants failed to close and ar not willing to close on the property. Defendants do not dispute the weight of the contract. However, Mrs. Vastolas spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) began to accelerate. In defense of their position, defendants provided a letter from Mrs. Vastolas doctor, course J. Brown, which explained that SMA is a progressive neur ological condition that, as a result, disables her from all daily activities because of her arms and legs are weak which results in putting Mrs. Vastola in no condition to sell her house and move. Correspondingly the defendants palisade that since the time they signed the contract for the sale of the home, Mrs. Vastolas conditions become increasingly worse, should excuse the performance in proceeding with the sale of their house.Besides the plaintiffs were well aware of Mrs. Vastolas condition when they signed the contract. Defendants also can the homage that finances are tight and they should not be responsible for an increase in mortgage rates considering the situation the Vastolas have recently encountered. Issue In this case is it acceptable for the court to award costs to the plaintiffs for legal charges and land fees but also void the breach of contract, by the defendant, considering the somatogenetic health of the defendant, even if the contract was signed before the defe ndant wasdiagnosed with SMA? Decision Yes. Plaintiffs are entitled to reimbursement for costs associated with the breach of contract.Compensatory damages are intended to recompense the injured claimant for losses due to the breach. However, a defendant is not chargeable for a loss that he did not have reason to foresee as a probable result of the breach when the contract was made. The specific elements to be applied in each given case of a sellers breach of an executory agreement to sell realty may vary in order to achieve the broad purposes of damages.If the buyer subsequently purchased another property financed at a higher interest, the rate interest differential occasioned by the sellers default might be a proper performer to consider in fixing damages. Overall plaintiffs motion for summary judgment is herewith denied because of the defendants substantial evidence to reinforce the defendants illness.Reason The court is eleemosynary to the unenviabley of the plaintiffs, who ap parently had their heart set on this house and have been waiting for a closing date but this court will consider documentations of interest rates on their mortgage, as well as the out of pocket expenses and attorney fees associated with the breach, so that the court can award costs consequently to the plaintiffs. Nevertheless, the court would render a heartless judgment to evict a woman whose health has deteriorated earnestly while the contract was pending and wishes nothing more than to remain in her home during the most difficult days of her illness.

Social Networking Site Essay Example for Free

Social Networking Site EssaySocial networking directs are popular amongst school-age child recent years. Some of the popular kindly networking websites are Facebook, Twitter Google+. Almost all the students would definitely pre hunt a profile in those sites. These facebook like sites will be taken up by students as for fun but some may start using it as fun and gets addicted to it. This obligate shows you the advantages and disadvantages of social networking sites for students. AdvantagesHere is a list of advantages of using the social networking websites 1. The main advantage of social networking site is that it helps in establishing connection with people, friends and relatives. It helps in sharing ones view, share pictures and lots of other stuffs. 2. It helps students in interacting with one a nonher and share ideas. This helps in improving students creativity. 3. The social networking websites can be accessed from any part of the globe. This helps the students to est ablish communication with their teachers and friends through which they can improve their knowledge. 4. Social networking sites are not only used by the students for sharing pictures, videos or it is not only meant for fun and entertainment. Through social networking sites like Facebook, LinkedIn one can become a member and can also post applicable information about campus drive. 5. Through these sites the students can establish contact with entrepreneurs, corporate people and can extend to valuable information from them. 6. Social networking sites have taken a new dimension called marketing. Certain websites hold out advertisements to its subscribers. DisadvantagesEvery coin has two sides. Whenever there comes the point of advantages, disadvantages also comes into picture on the face of it. So some of the disadvantages are 1. One of the major disadvantages of using social networking websites are the students get addicted to it. They used to spend hours in those social networkin g sites which can obviously degrade the students academic performance. 2. Some students may tend to use to these social networking sites till mid night or even more which can obviously lead to health related problems. 3. Some students may spend time in Facebook through which they wishing to spend time with their family members. This can also be a disadvantage also. 4. Some students may will detailed

Analysing Organization Change at Tesco

Analysing Organization transfer at TescoINTRODUCTIONTesco is a multinational chain of stores for retail with its headquarters in the United Kingdom. In two hundred8, Tesco became the fourth largest retailer in the world, displacing the fifth largest distri merelyor Metro AG, the first off be eat upment of positions among the lift pentad companies in the sector since 2003. Although originally specializing in food and drinks, it has diversified into aras such as clothing, electronics, financial military service, inter channel and renting DVDs, compact discs, digital downloads , Internet service , telecommunications , medical and dental insurance and softwargon.Companies that be qualified to grapple makely in todays rapidly changing business surroundings, which is characterized by globalization of the economy, exploding culture engine room, downsizing, restructuring, and tender(a) employer-employee relationships, must be ready to make signifi put forwardt convinces in the authority they operate. motleys stool be know in a settle up of beas. They keep, for example, be observed in attitude or behaviour. M any(prenominal) major(ip) organizational intensifys, however, ar technological ones. Sometimes these removes are not intend to compound behaviour, but they close to always do in some respect. Another type of throw is re hasten intoment of personnel when tiptop forethought is impatient with the pace of wareivity, they often replace key individuals. Changes also occur in organizational structure, take a shital roles and jobs, control governing bodys, work processes, and other elements of the organizations versed environment (Hough, 2003).The motivation for change naturally stems from the accompaniment that something is not working (e.g., continued negative feedback from clients, reduced profitability, threats of acquisition, or other market pressures). For closely organizations, a crisis is the catalyst for change. While a crisis may be sufficient to initiate a change, it fixs oftentimes much than to successfully integrate the change into the work processes. Managers must have more than an extensive know guidege of the marketplace, how to compete in it, and what internal structures must be in place to make the company successful (Atuahene-Giman, Li, 2004). meaningful ORGANISATIONAL CHANGE AT TESCOOrganizational change is defined as the ability to adapt to different organizations transformations suffered by the environment inside or discloseside, through learning. Another definition is the set of variations on the structure of organizations and scurvy that result in a pertly organizational behaviour.Recently, TESCO has come across a significant change in terms of introducing and implementing a self-service check erupt system throughout its network. The implementation of this bare-assed payment system at Tesco is undoubtedly a strategic plan change. This is because the self-check-out system is a modernistic system that differs from normal or traditional payment terms in terms of carrying out transactions. The capital payment essential operating through a teller, but the checkout system does not demand any narrator. This Self-service brings a new procedure or method to facilitate the customers. The use of the new system serves customers in a better way and provides better service without having to spend so much time in the store. When introduced into Tesco, this self-checkout system dishs clients improve shopping experience and also facilitate them for easy shopping. This was make to make customers feel post of Tesco. The customer in store will select the shopping from the shelves and move to the self checkout, scan and pay for the items. The intended effect is the synergy of twain the self checkout and the cashier checkout.The objective of this task is to investigate the Tesco self-service machine. This introduction of self-service check outs was a strategic sh ift. It was first introduced in Dereham, Norfolk in 2003. The purpose of the system was to accelerate check out processes and reduce labour cost associated with retail outlets. This work is to study the triggers of change, the process involved and the benefits for the organization.MANAGING ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGELately, TESCO has confronted a substantial change in terms of introduction and implementation of self-service check out system throughout its outset network. Organizational change occurs when a company makes a intonation from its current state to some want future state. Managing organizational change is the process of planning and implementing change in organizations in such a way as to minimize employee resistance and cost to the organization, while also maximizing the effectiveness of the change effort. Thitherfore, the objective of this report revolves around the process used by TESCO to manage the implementation of the check-out system.Todays business environment requir es companies to undergo changes almost constantly if they are to remain competitive. Factors such as globalization of markets and rapidly evolving engineering science force businesses to respond in stage to survive. Such changes may be relatively minor-as in the fount of installing a new software program-or quite major-as in the case of refocusing an overall merchandise strategy. Organizations must change because their environments change, according to Thomas S. Bateman and Carl P. Zeithaml in their book Management Function and Strategy. Today, businesses are bombarded by incredibly high rates of change from a frustratingly large number of sources. Inside pressures come from top managers and lower-level employees who push for change. Outside pressures come from changes in the legal, competitive, technological, and economic environments. (Bateman, Thomas , Zeithaml, 1989). In case of TESCO, both the internal and factors contend their role in bringing to the highest degree the change.Organizational change initiatives often arise out of problems faced by a company. In some cases, however, companies are encouraged to change for other, more dictatorial reasons. Change comm but occurs because the organization experiences some difficulty, Bateman and Zeithaml wrote. But sometimes the most constructive change takes place not because of problems but because of opportunities. The authors used the term performance gap to describe the difference between a companys actual performance and the performance of which it is capable. Recognition of a performance gap often provides the impetus for change, as companies strive to improve their performance to expected levels. This sort of gap is also where more entrepreneurs draw opportunities to lay out new businesses (Bateman, Thomas , Zeithaml, 1989).Unfortunately, as Thomas (1993) noted in an article for HR Focus, statistics show that many organizational change efforts fail. For example, 50 percentage of quality imp rovement programs fail to meet their goals, and 30 percent of process reengineering efforts are unsuccessful. The most greenness reason that change efforts fail is that they encounter resistance from employees. Change appears threatening to many great deal, which makes it difficult to gain their support and commitment to implementing changes. Consequently, the ability to manage change in effect is a highly sought-after skill in managers. Companies need people who can contribute positively to their inevitable change efforts. The management at TESCO certain a set of objectives sales increment, cost effectiveness, customer satisfaction before implementing the change and measured these developed objectives to ensure success through the attainment of these developed objectives.AREAS OF ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGEBateman and Zeithaml identified four major areas of organizational change strategy, technology, structure, and people. All four areas are related, and companies often must institu te changes in the other areas when they attempt to change one area. The first area, strategy changes, can take place on a large scale-for example, when a company shifts its resources to enter a new line of business-or on a small scale-for example, when a company makes productivity improvements in order to reduce costs (Bateman, Thomas , Zeithaml, 1989). There are three basic stages for a company qualification a strategic change1) realizing that the current strategy is no seven-day suitable for the companys situation 2) establishing a vision for the companys future direction and 3) implementing the change and setting up new systems to support it. At TESCO, the management has followed the same process and stand efficacious in implanting the new system successfully.DRIVERS OF CHANGEThere are four primary drivers of major work-place change. They are a change to the organizational structure, a new product or service, new management, and new technology. Organizational structure may chan ge through major downsizing, outsourcing, acquisitions, or mergers. These actions are often tended to(p) by layoffs, particularly as certain positions become redundant. A new product or service has implications for changes in production, sales, and customer service. Additionally, by changing product or service the organization may face new competitors or new markets. New management, such as a change in chief executive officer or president, often brings a period of transition during which upper-level managers are a similarly to alter existing business processes and personnel policies. Finally, new technology can stool vast changes to the organization. Technology can change the production process or the working conditions (i.e., telecommuting), and these changes may influence the skills that employees use on the job (Gioia, Dennis , Thomas, James , 1996). The changes are caused by the interaction of forces, these are classify asINTERNAL DRIVERSInternal drivers are those from withi n the organization, arising from the analysis of behaviour organizational and presented as substitute(a) dissolving agents, representing conditions of equilibrium, creating the need for structural rearrangement, is an example of these technological adaptations, changing strategies, methodological, policy changes, etc.EXTERNAL DRIVERSExternal drivers are those from outside the organization, creating the need for internal order changes are examples of this force The government decrees, the standards of quality, limitations on the environment both physical and economic etc.DRIVERS OF CHANGE IN TESCOOver the years TESCO has been able to apply its strategies in effect and efficiently to become one of the big Global retailers in the world. Both, internal and external drivers have played their role in sparking the change at TESCO. The main triggers are discussed belowCREATION OF VALUE FOR nodeAs part of TESCO strategy to retain existing customers and attract new ones, the Company decide d to create more value for its customers. This resulted in the Implementation of the self-checkout system. TESCO precious to make the shopping experience Exciting for the customers. ontogeny CUSTOMER BASEThe success of TESCO can be attributed to numerous factors one of which is its fast growing customer base. The self-checkout was implemented to ease congestion on Checkouts. With the implementation of the self-checkout customers do not have to stand in long boring queues to pay for their shopping. They can use the self-checkout which is simple and faster especially if the customer has purchased only a few items.TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONSIn view of the growing age of technology, it is essential for all organizations to invoke their technologies if they want to be successful. TESCO implemented the self-checkout to improve upon its operational efficiency.COMPETITIONCompetition among organizations is one of the common triggers of change in most Industries. TESCO implemented the self-che ckout system to gain a competitive Advantage against its competitors. This also led to differentiation in the market as TESCO distinguished itself from the other retailers by the use of the self-checkout System.COST OF bear onOne of the major aims of every business is to maximize profit. TESCO wanted to Increase its operational capacity at the front end and at the same time saves cost hence the use of the self-checkout. For instance preferably of employing five cashiers to operate Five cashier checkout, only one cashier will be necessary to assist customers on five Self-checkouts.THE PROCESS OF ORGANISATIONAL CHANGEEvery change effort should be accompanied by an action plan. Once a compelling reason to change has been identified, it is necessary to create a picture of what the change will require, how the organization will effect it, and what the organization will look manage when the change has been implemented. Although each action plan for change will be unique, all plans sho uld follow a basic structure (1) identification of a course of action and allocation of resources to achieve the organizations change goals (2) denomination of the authority, responsibility, and relationships that will drive the change efforts (3) determination of who will lead the change effort and the specific roles and responsibilities of these individuals (4) a description of the procedures and processes that will expedite implementation of the change (5) identification of the training that will be essential to enable people to incorporate the change into their work processes and (6) identification of the equipment, tools, or machinery that will affect the way work is accomplished (Atuahene-Giman, Li, 2004).Many organizational changes are initiated and implemented through the authority of top levels of management. The problems are defined and solutions are developed by top-level managers based on information that is gathered by others with help from a limited number of people. Once a finish is made, the changes are often communicated to people in the organization through memo, speech, policy statement, or verbal command. Since only a few people, usually at the top, are involved in making the decisions, the change is usually introduced very rapidly. However, this strategy has proved to be largely ineffective in dealing with organizational change processes, particularly for successful integration. A common misconception about carrying out a change is that it must be directed from the top. The foundation of successful change management lies in involving the people who will be affected by the change.Sharing responsibility for change is a process whereby those at the top and those at lower levels are jointly involved in identifying problems and/or developing solutions. Virtually continual interaction takes place between top and bottom levels. The share responsibility or participative approach can be addressed in several ways (1) pass away management define s the problem and uses staff groups or consultants to gather information and develop solutions. These identified solutions are wherefore communicated to lower-level groups in order to obtain receptions. The feedback from the lower levels is then used to modify the solution, and the communication process starts again. The presumption underlying this approach is that although involving others in the definition of the problem or its solution may be impractical, the solution can be improved and commitment obtained by involving lower levels. (2) Top management defines the problem but seeks involvement from lower levels by appointing task forces to develop solutions. The task forces provide recommendations to top management, where the final decision is made. These task forces are composed of people who will be affected by the change and have some level of expertise in the areas that will be affected by the proposed change. The assumption here is that those who have the expertise to sol ve the problems are those groups that are closer to the situation. Also, the groups commitment to the change may be made deeper by this involvement. (3) Task forces composed of people from all levels are formed to collect information about problems in the organization and to develop solutions. The underlying assumptions in this approach are that people at the top, middle, and lower levels are needed to develop quality solutions and that commitment must build at about the same rate at all levels. These approaches emphasizing shared responsibility usually take longer to implement but result in more commitment from all levels of the organization and more successful integration of the change into the work processes (Hough, 2003).CHANGE MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES TESCOBefore, implementing the change, TESCO devised the following objectives to measure the effectiveness of the organisational change. The developed objectives wereA significant outgrowth in customer satisfactionTo achieve cost ef fectivenessA substential increase in salesTHE IMPLEMENTATION PROCESSThe implementation of the TESCO self-checkout systems could be said to be a strategic Change. This is because the self-checkout is a new system which differs from the Normal checkout in terms of the way transactions are carried out. The cashier checkout requires a cashier to operate but the self-checkout does not require a cashier. The self-checkout brings a new procedure or method of serving Customers. The use of the self-checkout and the normal checkout give the customers an enhance service without having to spend so much time in the store. The self-checkout when introduced in TESCO was to help improve upon the customers shop experience and also to make the shopping very easy. This was done to make the customers feel a part of TESCO. The customer in store will select the shopping from the shelves and move to the self-checkout, scan and pay for the items. The intended Effect is the synergy of both the self-checkout and the cashier checkout.RESISTANCE TO CHANGEUnderstanding the factors that drive change and how people react to change is critical to the successful implementation of change. It is part of benevolent nature to resist change. wad prefer the security of familiar surroundings and often do not react well to changes in their work or social environment. Resistance to change often takes some typical forms. One typical reaction is denial, which individuals use to protect themselves.Many managers assume that if people return the change is a favorable idea, they will not resist it. Why would the work force resist changes if the changes will fix what they wanted fixed? People may want change, but not necessarily the changes that have been identified in the plan. Workers may have their own ideas about what should change, and frequently the changes they think fix the problem involve person else changing, not them. In addition workers may think the ways to make things better is simply to aline and manipulate their work processes, not to implement the drastic changes identified in the proposed plan. Alternatively, workers may not think that is wrong with the current way of working. Often the process of changing looks too hard, looks like it will take too much energy, and seems confusing. A strictly structured change process often ignores the ingrained human resistance to change. When that happens, people who are affected by the change end up expending most of their time and energy figuring out how to stop the change or altering the change until it looks like something they can live with. If the desired change is not very desirable to the work force, managers need to find out why. Insufficient information about the driving force behind the change and the benefits expected from it is believably to cause distress among those affected by the change. People tend to act in their own comprehend self-interest. Managers often think of change initiatives in broader terms, wh ile the work force tends to think of it differently, in more narrow terms of how the change will affect their work. Sometimes managers forget or overlook this reaction to change. Effective strategies for organizational change involve an understanding of the human beings in the work force.RESISTENCE MANAGEMENT AT TESCOEffective planning is imperative in any organization if it is going to be successful in Its activities. The management of TESCO had to decide on the number of self-checkout they were going to begin with and in which of their stores they would be introduced first. The checkout leading were trained to operate the self-checkout as they would be assisting the customers to use the new system although the self-checkout has a screen depict which makes the system user friendly and easy to understand and operate. Some cashiers thought that the self-checkout was going to put them out of their jobs As automation of a system normally leads to the elimination of the manual aspect of The system and this made them insecure with their jobs. The managers had to educate the cashiers on the purpose of the self-checkout and the Potential benefits it was going to bring to both customers and the organization as a Whole. The purpose was to motivate the cashiers to be confident and welcome the Change. The initial implementation was a form of feasibility studies. The customers were encouraged to use the self-checkout with the assistance of the trained front end Leaders. Management observed the system for a period of time to determine the Number of customers that patronized it and also to get feedback from both the Customers and staffs. The positive feedback gave management the green light to introduce the self-checkout in other TESCO outlets.EXTENT TO WHICH CHANGE WAS SUCCESSFUL IN MEETING ITS OBJECTIVESThis change management process (implementation of the self-checkout) has had an immense effect on the entire organization as it serves a major role in the customer Shopp ing experience and also impact positively on the sales of TESCO as an Organization. The major benefits of the self-checkout will be discussed below.INCREASE IN SALESIn this marketing era where the customer is the focus of most companies, customers will always go to shops where they can get a good and timely service. TESCO being one of the worlds leading international retailers currently has 3000 self-checkouts in 750 stores. This is a great improvement since the self-checkout was first implemented. The number of self-checkouts in stores attracts more new customers as they know They can always leave the store in time through the use of the self-checkout. This Increases customer base which impacts positively on sales. 25% of TESCOs UK Transactions are through self-checkout (TESCO plc). This means that a quarter of UK TESCO sales can be accounted for by the use of the self-checkout systems. This is represented in the pie chart below as blue.COST intensity levelThis is an important fac tor to consider when planning any change management Process in any organization. According to TESCOs annual statement 2005, the self-checkout was introduced into 130 stores and over 850,000 customers use them every Week. The use of the self-checkout helps to save on labour cost as a number of the self-checkout systems could be operated without the need for a corresponding number of Cashiers. The self-checkout can compensate for the shortage of staff. However a Trained supervisor may be required to assist customers with the self-checkout in case Of any malfunctioning.CUSTOMER SATISFACTIONThe self-checkout has brought about good customer services as customers dont have To spend time in the store queuing to pay for their shopping. Datamonitor (2008) stated that the use of technology is one of the greatest ways to improve upon customer Satisfaction. This helps to build a good relationship with the customers which results in customer loyalty. In TESCOs annual report and financial stateme nt, 1.5million customers prefer to use the self-checkout in more than 200 stores weekly. This shows that customers are very satisfied with the system and this also has a huge Impact on sales. closingAlthough the self-checkout has been well received by retailers and their customers, there are a few challenges with the system. When customers buy loose items like tomatoes in a small bag without a barcode, it will be priced by the weight. The customer has to go through the menu of the self-checkout which often gets customers confused and frustrated especially those without any IT knowledge. Another problem is when a customer has only one item and scans it the system gives a warning if it is not placed in the bagging area. This often irritates customers. Minors also use the self-checkout to purchase alcohol and this could result in Tesco losing its permission to sell alcohol.NEED FOR FURTHER CHANGES IN THE FUTUREIn light of the difficulties discussed above, it is suggested that a superv isor or expert staff is positioned at the checkout area from the maiden of the store to closing to assist customers who come upon any difficulties using the system to circumvent any delays in transactions and also to check the id of anyone allege to be a minor. The self-checkout should be upgraded to make it further users friendly and also to lessen the rate at which it reports errors.