The Importance Of Animal Testing - 1883 Words

Animal Testing is Essential On the other had, some individuals deem animal testing necessary for the furthering of the medical field. There have been illnesses and diseases that have been eradicated due to animal experimenting. One such disease a vaccine that was resulted by successful experimentation on animals to combat it is the poliomyelitis vaccine Continuing, one essential aspect to consider when evaluating the similarities between humans and animals is the amount shared genes. According to Understanding Animal Research (2017), humans â€Å"share 95% of our genes with a mouse, making them an effective model for the human body† (â€Å"Forty Reasons Why†¦,† 2017, para. 4). With 95% of DNA matching, animal experiments have provided themselves to†¦show more content†¦In the earlier years, poliomyelitis or polio was a crippling and deadly disease that claimed the lives of millions of people or paralyzed its victims. The epidemic took the lives of more than 2.5 billion children prior to the vaccination discovery (â€Å"History of Polio,† YEAR). It was due to animal experimentations that Dr. Jonas Salk discovered a vaccination to combat the deadly disease. Salk and his team developed a method to produce large amounts of vaccine by cultivating the polioviruses in the kidney tissues of monkeys ( "Polio Cases, Deaths†¦,† 2017). However, what few people know is that it was also due to animal testing that the polio vaccine was delayed. According to David Wiebers, a neuroscientist, and his colleagues at the Mayo Clinic, they revealed that the studies on the monkeys also led to gross misconceptions delaying the fight against polio. (CITE) The experiments conducted originally indicated that the polio virus infects mainly through the nervous system halting the search for a cure. The erroneous conclusion contradicted the human studies which demonstrated that the polioviruses’ primary route of infection was through the gastrointestinal system resulting in misdirected preventive measures, delaying the development of a vaccine (CITE). When scientist experiment on animals, a cure can often be thrown away in the animal trial appears misleading or unsuccessful (Akhtar, 2014). An editorial in Nature Review Drug Discovery describes howShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of An imals For Animal Testing1754 Words   |  8 PagesAnimal research, also known as in vivo testing, is the use of animals for experiments. Experimentation on animals dates back to as early as 500 BC, making this form of medical education and research one of the most fundamental known to humans. Almost 400 years ago, a doctor named William Harvey used animals to discover how blood circulated in the body. This discovery is considered the spark of the scientific revolution in which many lives were saved all thanks to the help of animal testing. The modernRead MoreAnimal Research And Testing : The Importance Of Animal Testing1441 Words   |  6 Pagesfor scientists to better understand medical related issues, so they started to perform their hypothesized experiments on specific animals. The data recovered led to a discovery that certain species’ genetic, biological and behavioral characteristics closely resemble those of the human race, allowing us to replicate many symptoms of human conditions. Although animal experimentation may seem morally wrong, as one of the largest contributors to not only medical, but other advancements benefiting theRead MoreThe Importance Of Animal Testing857 Words   |  4 Pagescomes to animal testing. A considerable amount of people believe that examinations should be banned, others think it should be continued. According to NCBI, animals have been utilized repeatedly since 384 BC. This disagreement has been debated since before the 1920’s and is still continuing. The main opposing point of animal examinations, is the extent of the experiment used on the animal. But, if scientists did not take part in animal testing, humans safety would be in danger. Although animals shouldRead MoreImportance of Animal Testing804 Words   |  4 PagesThe use of animals in scientific research has made dramatic improvements in our understanding of the human race. Despite the controversies that surround this issue, without this process of testing it is certain that much of what is known today towards the quality and quantity of life would remain closed off to us. Over the years, scientists have gained the ability to solve medical problems, cure diseases, and develop vaccines all with the use of animals during scientific research. To believe thatRead MoreThe Importance Of Animal Testing1240 Words   |  5 Pages Animal testing has long played a part in the science of testing, and it still plays a very important role in the medical world. Testing on animals in order to create a cure for AIDS is one thing, but testing on animals for human vanity is another. Animal testing is used to test the safety of a product. It has kept some very unsafe substances out of the cosmetic world. However, in this day in age, animal testing is not the only way to test the safety of a product. Animal testing in cosmetics hasRead MoreImportance Of Animal Testing1726 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal testing: Is it necessary? People take medicine, and they wear makeup. Most people own one or two or maybe more pets. Some people love their pets as if they were their own children. Pets are loved and taken care of. They are rescued and adopted. But do people know that they are treated the opposite in a laboratory? It is estimated that every year, 26 million animals are used for scientific and commercial testing in the United States. There are many reasons animals are used for testing. SomeRead MoreThe Importance Of Animal Testing1779 Words   |  8 PagesDid you know animal testing is cruel?, it puts animals lives in jeopardy and the tests are not always accurate, it needs to be stopped. Abraham once said â€Å"I am in favor of animal rights as well as human rights. That is the way of a whole human being† (https://www.consumerfreedom.com/2008/10/3754-abraham-lincoln-was-not-an-animal-rights-activist/). I do not believe animal testing is right, it hurts the animal and the experiments are not accurate, we should try to make this process more safe and calmRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned Essay1707 Words   |  7 Pagespossibly the lives that were spent doing so. Those lives being the ones of animals tested in pharmaceutical settings to assure the safety of the product you just swallowed. It is difficult to justify the use of animals in this way, but when put simply we make the choice between putting human life, or the life of an animal on the line. While businesses have searched for other methods of testing, there is no more accurate way of testing toxicology than through a live host. Despite it not being the most idealRead MoreThe Effects Of Animal Testing Essay1432 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects of Animal Testing Animal testing is by far, inhumane and downright unacceptable. Although, there are various types of organizations that are pro-animal care, such as, Animal Welfare information center, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare and, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals or, PETA, all in which do their best to keep animal testing as humane as possible, there are alternatives for finding cures or testing the safety of certainRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Animal Testing1502 Words   |  7 Pagesthat animal testing is beneficial to the advancement of human knowledge, while animal rights’ activists claim that animal testing is not humane and violates animals’ rights. The controversy over animal testing is best understood as a disagreement about whether animal testing is beneficial to humans. Each year more than 100 million animals are killed in the U.S. Every country has a law that permits medical experimentation on animals. W hile some countries protect particular kinds of animals from

The Effects Of Sleep Deprivation On Children - 1996 Words

Schools that start later have noticed that their students have improved in their safety and academic performances. If more schools started to change their opening times to later in the morning it would make it more beneficial for teens to have a healthy and successful everyday lifestyle. Teens these days, need at least 9 hours of sleep each night, but nearly 10 out of every 15 students get under 8 hours of sleep and 6 out of every 15 get under 6 hours of sleep. Students and teachers that get enough sleep wake up feeling confident and ready to start their day off right with good work ethic. Not getting enough sleep will cause several different physical, mental, and emotional health issues for a teen that is forced to wake up early in order†¦show more content†¦Doctors also tell teens that they should not think too hard before they go to bed, but every teacher gives out at least a page of homework for their students to have completed by the next day, this is making it harder f or teens to get the sleep that they need to have a successful day. Puberty wires teens to stay up late, meaning forcing them into bed won’t do them any good. The hormonal changes occur during the night and shifts their â€Å"body clocks† that regulate their sleeping and waking patterns. The work ethic and attitudes of the sleepy teens and teacher begin to decrease as waking up becomes a harder asset of their everyday lives. Tired teens can’t learn at their best, with sleep deprivation impairing learning, memory, and attention span. (WHY 2) If a student or even a teacher doesn’t get enough sleep, then their work ethic will start to decrease rapidly throughout the day. Schools that start later in the day are starting to notice that the students and staff members are a lot less stressed out, on task, and more alert. Students that get the right amount of sleep will have improved attitudes that would help by increasing their academic performances; students wit h better attitudes will be more willing to try in school, pay attention, and ask questions if they need help. When a studentShow MoreRelatedSleep Deprivation And Its Effects On Children Essay1511 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Sleepless in America (American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 2014), the documentary which co-produced by the National Geographic Channel, almost forty percent of Americans get less than five hours of sleep per night. Sleep deprivation often results in depression-like symptoms. Thus we heard suggestions that we should have at least eight hours of sleep a night. In fact, the duration of sleep affected by multiple factors, such as human has different sleep needs at the different age, and according toRead MoreThe Effects Of Sleep Deprivation On Children1182 Words   |  5 PagesFor those who work long shifts; For those who try to compensate for their lack of sleep during the weekends; For those who simply like to stay up all night: lack of sleep could cause irreparable b rain damage. Deprivation of long-term sleep hours could weaken brain energy even after days of sleep recovery. And it could be a sign of permanent brain damage. The consequences of not sleeping or not sleeping enough are serious, not only for the person who is not resting enough, but also for the peopleRead MoreThe Effects Of Sleep Deprivation On Children974 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction 1. My opening/attention getting material is as follows: Sleep deprivation was a factor in some of the biggest disasters for example the 1979 nuclear accident at Three Mile Island, the massive Exxon oil spill, and the 1986 nuclear meltdown at Chernobyl. Sleep deprivation is affecting many Americans today especially college students. â€Å"A study in the Journal of Adolescent Health found that only 30 percent of students sleep at least eight hours a night, which is the average requirement forRead MoreSleep Deprivation And Its Effects On Children Essay1249 Words   |  5 PagesRichard Simmons once said, â€Å"There is no such thing as sleep deprivation, there is only caffeine deficiency.† College students everywhere have claimed this as their motto. From art majors who stay up late practicing charcoal and shading, to nursing majors who are stressing all night studying for their exams and practicums, to engineering majors who think a good night’s sleep is three or four h ours, sleep has rarely been prioritised in college. Psychology Professors at the University of Hong Kong,Read MoreThe Effects Of Sleep Deprivation On Children1427 Words   |  6 Pagesor substances and people suffering from sleep deprivation. Effects of fatigue are thought to play a part in between 16% and 60% of road accidents and in the United states were estimated to cost in vicinity of $50 billion. This essay will argue just how dangerous driving under the influence of sleep deprivation really is. This essays argument will be supported by two major papers the first one is â€Å"Impairment of Driving Performance Caused by Sleep Deprivation or Alcohol: A Comparative Study† which wasRead MoreThe Effects Of Sleep Deprivation On Children1994 Words   |  8 PagesThe Effect Of Sleep Deprivation Sleep deprivation has been an increasing problem with people of all age, specifically young adults. Many young adults in today’s society fights to stay awake and consume in cups of coffee. Sleep deprivation has not only affected many young adults life-style, but also their health. Some research shows that sleep deprivation â€Å"affect ones’ cognitive performance† (Grundgeiger et al). People with sleep deprivation performance are lower with the more resource-demanding prospectiveRead MoreThe Effects Of Lack Of Sleep Deprivation On Children1315 Words   |  6 Pages Do teens know how many problems can come with the lack of sleep? with sleep deprivation comes many long term effects on people s mental and physical health.lacking sleep is a cause of depression, obesity ,and makes it hard to function in school. School shouldn’t start as early as it does.because, it s unhealthy and lowers academic scores. Lack of sleep puts teens at risk for mental and physical issues.Less amounts of sleep put teens at a higher risk for depression,obesity,and motor-Read MoreThe Effects Of Sleep Deprivation On Children s Routine Performance And Interaction Skills979 Words   |  4 PagesSleep deprivation has likely harmed most people’s routine performance and interaction skills at least enough to alarm them of its profound impairment to their mental and physical state. Everyone knows the feeling of being short-tempered and irritable because they didn’t get enough sleep the night before, but many also know the feeling of delirium and decreased cognitive abilities associated with many frightening consequences such as surmountable drops in their ability to communicate well with othersRead MoreSleep Deprivation : Symptoms And Treatments1417 Words   |  6 Pagesexperiencing sleep deprivation or not having enough sleep will cause one to be frustrated. It is not a decent experience to have. Whenever we have sleep deprivation or have little sleep, we become less productive and not concentrated the next day. As these things happen, bosses will scold us or we will fail our tasks. While we fail, or get scolded, the mood at that moment is always annoying and unsatisfying. People who encounter with lack of sleep will know that having not enough sleep is the mainRead MoreSleep Deprivation Essay684 Words   |  3 PagesSleep Deprivation It’s seven thirty in the morning, the time that most American high schools begin class. Instead of being chipper and ready to learn, most teenagers, at this time of the morning, can barely remain awake. These puffy eyed pupils are by no means ready to learn. Sixty percent children under 18 reported being sleepy during the day, with another fifteen percent reporting that they had fallen asleep during the school day within the past year (National Sleep Foundation, Dozing)

Ethics and Sustainability

Questions: Describe business, corporations and poverty and complete the following four tasks: 1. Explain the link between your chosen topic and sustainability. 2. Discuss the most significant ethical issues concerning this topic. 3. Explain how the topic is important for business and identify relevant threats and opportunities to economic viability. 4. Identify an ethical and sustainable response to the problems inherent in this issue. Answers: Introduction Business sustainability is the organization of environmental, social and economic demand and concerns to responsible, virtuous and continuing success. In simple words, business ethics refers running a business in a right way. It is about performing the right thing at every level of the company. Sustainability is about meeting the changes of confirming that upcoming generation can enjoy the same kind of standard of living that persons enjoy at present (Dale, 2016). This logically includes attractive a long-term viewpoint on balancing economic, environmental and social impacts of business. The challenges for many companies in this new field are to measure the positive influences of sustainability. Sustainability can increase income, decrease energy expenses, decrease waste and other expenses and improve the employee productivity (Dossa and Kaeufer, 2013). Furthermore, sustainability and ethics in business practices may attract talent and create innovative ideas. Business ethics discusses to modern values or sets of value that directs the action and behavior of people in the business organization. Link between Business, corporate and poverty and sustainability In this 21st century, business sustainability needs to be understood in expressions of the atmosphere, financial progress, social rights, womens empowerment and the rule of law. Smooth business is joining these wider values of sustainability into their business decisions and emerging real-world values and metrics to help put on these values in practice. These events make an effort to maximize opportunities and reduce the undesirable effect their main companies have on the situation, public and the economy in where they activate. The business undertakings of corporations have an essential impact to create to economic expansion in emerging nations. This impact is generally important because the capacity of private funds flows go beyond that of progress support (Burnett, Skousen and Wright, 2011). Global business actions and investment in emerging countries have the perspective to build optimistic or destructive influence on various levels of persons living in poor condition. The amount of income generated created by a business can improve the poverty condition is determined by different factors and the one factor is by ethics and sustainability. Poverty in many countries remains a critical challenge for sustainable development and worlds stability. Business and corporation, as an engine of financial progress and development and plays a critical role in quickening progress towards realizing development goals and objectives through increasing investment, creating new jobs, increasing ability and skills and increasing goods, innovation of different technology which can make peoples lives proper and better. Sustainability is extensively used in the conversation of business morals and values and the influence of business actions having on the society and on the environment (Grewatsch and Kleindienst, 2015). Businesses in the world are struggling with a new role, which is to meet the requirements of the current compeers without negotiating the capability of next compeers to meet their own desires. Organizations are being called upon to take charge for the means their activities that effect peoples and the natural environment. More over, they are being asked to communicate sustainability, ethics to the methods in which they bearing their business. Sustainability is a modern practice of business ethics, looking for to resolve harms to the environment, drawbacks of societies and silenced employees, and needing clearness in the authority of businesses (Herbohn, Walker and Loo, 2014). Business sustainability contributes to business decisions and the formation of new business models. Significant ethical issues Business ethics are mainly worry about those issues not included in law, or whether is no fixed contract on whether somewhat is correct or incorrect. During the past few years, the globalization procedure has gradually worn the consequence of regional centres of monetary, communal and political activities, procedures and affairs (Ha-Brookshire, 2015). As business became less secure territorial, corporations gradually involved in foreign markets, suddenly find themselves challenged with new miscellaneous, sometimes even denying ethical demands. One of the most important ethical problems that business and poverty must face is that of corruption, correspondingly the chance of paying a government clerk, given this action tips for doing some business, paying local workers and indirectly, increasing the organizational productivity and the lifestyle in their community. In most the nations, whether developed or underdeveloped, the bribe is a regular feature, which led to the view that in such nations, the organizational expenses are a united side of a successful business (Junior, Best and Cotter, 2013). Many companies that have applied such follows, inspires that they are determined by their opponents who put them to practice and they do not want to stay behind. Another issue regarding ethic in business is inequality among poor people. Improving poverty conditions and correcting risky stages of inequality go with economic growth. It is right that the broad-based contribution of people in industrious actions can rise a countrys total output of products, and inspire economic growth (Halkias and Thurman, 2012). Though, poverty and inequality are not only economic issues, but they are ethical concerns as well. The eradication of poverty is maintained by the same access to excellent education and an impartial society so that every person who obtains education can have more opportunities in their lives and easily fulfil their aims. The worldwide right of entry to education and a fair-minded culture are not promoting only economic growth, but they are also ensuring human self-respect. Inequality also checks our ethics. People and a society may follow different tracks whose ethics cannot be linked by an only amount of how much people earn. Still, an extreme earnings gap in a civilization and between civilizations is upsetting because it could corrode social unity, an elementary intelligence of belief between individuals who are unknown to each other (Hussain, Rigoni and Orij, 2016)r. A practical step of communal unity is desirable so that society can function, and for people to have the chance to growth their opportunities in life. Ethics and Sustainability important for business, corporate and poverty We can say any business is sustainable and have ethical values when it has practiced in the use of renewable funds and holds itself responsible for the environment and human rights. Business has always tried to represent an appearance of social responsibilities. No business desires to confess to irresponsibility, generally not with the present level of open concern for social impartiality and environmental honesty. A sustainable business must be capable of meeting some of the elementary desires of people in todays economic without negotiating prospects for those of the upcoming generation to meet their desires as well. In the sustainable economy, income is the incentive for meeting the wants of people today whiles the economic viability of being capable of meeting the desires of people in the future. All economic ethics are resultant from either natural or human assets (Metcalf and Benn, 2012). An economy creates nothing for its productivity eventually depends on nature and society. A business that represents the output of its natural and human resources is not economically viable over time. Though a business must also persist economically to the present-day if it is to have the ability to maintain its output and value to society in the future and improve the poverty line of the nation. Sustainability and ethics are worthy for companies both as a durable plan to increase employee self-confidence and as a temporary reaction to government law-making. Companies responding to the demand for openly noticeable sustainability follows is also more attractive to new the ethical stakeholders and regain the cost of handling sustainability through government contributions and improved transactions and other members of the society (Kantabutra and Suriyankietkaew, 2011). Ethical business performance may also develop the effectiveness between companies, inspiring progress and higher profit. Persons working in business, sustainability will contain considering the durable results of company and products. Economic sustainability contains increasing a durable method of trade, though ensuring this system has a less influence on the environment than earlier procedures. Corporate sustainability, in the meantime, imposes upon the environment and social influence of business activities (Schaltegger and Burritt, 2015). Another purpose for business and corporation becoming concerned in sustainability and ethics is that smooth and better condition of business practices are required out by stockholders. Some stockholders look for a well-intentioned task so refining sustainability procedures be able to bring them business. Sustainability and ethics guideline can also support effectiveness in business as it forces companies to originate and generate new explanations, motivating up profits for these companies that deliver the finest products. Sustainability has also been exposed to produce new demands and markets for companies. The growth in customer demand for sustainability an improvement has led to companies that were not until that time involved in matters suddenly improves their sustainability performances. Ethical and sustainability response Now a days ethics and sustainability have been an important part of the economic environment. Within this time, different social groups have established in the both the public safety against some political operations, and the consumer attentiveness, in common concerning the requirement to take responsibilities of the organization to find a fair solution for various ethical and sustainable issues. These issues can be resolved by taking ethical and suitability values (Steinmeier, 2015). The business corporation that is faced with economic demands of some government and non-government officials on the market where they act may solve these demanding issues in an ethical manner with the help of respecting basic human rights and traditions of the business. These financial demands can be resolved in an ethical manner in the following way -donate money to develop various public services like hospitals, toilets, schools in the nation, correspondingly prompted and managed may increase the public appreciation to the business and helpful in imprinting the conditions of the poor people. -donate in services like school aids for underprivileged persons and children, medical equipment for hospitals, which may facilitate the future growth and development of the business and that would be an ethical and sustainable manner. The relation to the employees is also an important aspect upon which the business corporations must make ethical decisions without negotiations (Vermeulen, Nawir and Mayers, 2006). When business, corporation respect the rights of the employees. The employees in return will really get involved in their tasks and for the success of the organization.As poverty is, in underdeveloped nations, a decent cause to pay no attention to the fundamental human rights and independences, the corporation must not only admire the law but also respect the customs of employment and individual compensation (Hussain, Rigoni and Orij, 2016). This approach will only degrade the condition of these persons who are ready to work even for less than their basic needs to survive. As a result, the corporation must fulfill the least legal provision regarding increase the respect of the employees in the nation and to improve their standard of living. The relation with the consumers is more or less the cause of ethical issues for the business (Metcalf and Benn, 2012). Thus, beginning with working some overstated prices up to paying a huge amount to sponsor their products, beginning with working unnecessary value added taxes, by means of cheating practices of packing, sponsoring and selling, beginning with launching new products in the market that do not correspond from quality point of view, the cases of unethical behaviour of the business in their relation with the consumers appearance an affecting variety. The worst situation is in which business; corporation disrupts not only the ethical business values, but also the customers fundamental rights which take them in front of the law in case of such practices. Conclusion Thus, we can say that ethics and sustainability in business and corporations are necessary for the economic growth of the nation as well as for improving the poverty line of the nations. Rules of conduct or the moral values that guide individual or group behavior. The emphasis on business ethics is about the consciousness of companys values, guidelines and programs, and behavior within those boundaries when faced with issues in business (Vermeulen, Nawir and Mayers, 2006). In sustainability, ethics a new discipline that analyses the issues regarding moral responsibilities to the upcoming generation with respect to the environment. Here we also discussed that how the poverty of the country decreased by implementing the sustainability and ethics value in business corporations and improve the standard of living of the people to contribute tin the development of the country. References Burnett, R., Skousen, C. and Wright, C. (2011). Eco-Effective Management: An Empirical Link between Firm Value and Corporate Sustainability.Accounting and the Public Interest, 11(1), pp.1-15. Dale, O. (2016). Ethical issues and stakeholders matter.Addiction, 111(4), pp.587-589. Dossa, Z. and Kaeufer, K. (2013). Understanding Sustainability Innovations Through Positive Ethical Networks.J Bus Ethics, 119(4), pp.543-559. Grewatsch, S. and Kleindienst, I. (2015). Exploring the Link between Corporate Sustainability and the Development of Capabilities.Academy of Management Proceedings, 2015(1), pp.16893-16893. Ha-Brookshire, J. (2015). Toward Moral Responsibility Theories of Corporate Sustainability and Sustainable Supply Chain.J Bus Ethics. Halkias, D. and Thurman, P. (2012). Entrepreneurship and sustainability: Can business really alleviate poverty?.IJSEI, 1(4), p.419. Herbohn, K., Walker, J. and Loo, H. (2014). Corporate Social Responsibility: The Link Between Sustainability Disclosure and Sustainability Performance.Abacus, 50(4), pp.422-459. Hussain, N., Rigoni, U. and Orij, R. (2016). Corporate Governance and Sustainability Performance: Analysis of Triple Bottom Line Performance.J Bus Ethics. Junior, R., Best, P. and Cotter, J. (2013). Sustainability Reporting and Assurance: A Historical Analysis on a World-Wide Phenomenon.J Bus Ethics, 120(1), pp.1-11. Kantabutra, S. and Suriyankietkaew, S. (2011). Examining Relationships Between Organic Leadership And Corporate Sustainability: A Proposed Model.JABR, 28(1), p.67. Metcalf, L. and Benn, S. (2012). The Corporation is Ailing Social Technology: Creating a Fit for Purpose Design for Sustainability.J Bus Ethics, 111(2), pp.195-210. Schaltegger, S. and Burritt, R. (2015). Business Cases and Corporate Engagement with Sustainability: Differentiating Ethical Motivations.J Bus Ethics. Steinmeier, M. (2015). Fraud in Sustainability Departments? An Exploratory Study.J Bus Ethics. Vermeulen, S., Nawir, A. and Mayers, J. (2006). Rural Poverty Reduction through Business Partnerships? Examples of Experience from the Forestry Sector.Environ Dev Sustain, 10(1), pp.1-18.

Mother Teresa Essays - Mother Teresa, Missionaries Of Charity

Mother Teresa Mother Teresa was a wonderful woman and a great influence on the world today. She was born in 1910 in Macedonia with the name Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu. She was born into a family of deeply religious Catholics. Agnes felt she got the calling to work for God at the young age of fourteen. She joined the Loreto order and went to Bengal, India, to start her studies. In 1937, Agnes took her final vows to become a nun and has done much great work in the world since. Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu was born on August 27, 1910 to Nikola and Drana Bojaxhiu in Skopje, Macedonia. Drana and Nikola were Albanian and both were very deeply religious Roman Catholics. Nikola was a popular merchant and a partner to an Italian merchant. He owned several houses and was a member of the Skopje town council. Whenever Agnes father would return from a trip, he would always bring his children presents. Also, he promoted his daughters education, which was uncommon in that time period. Nikola also was involved in an underground organization that worked to gain independence for the Albanians from the Ottoman Turks, who ruled Macedonia around the time Agnes was born. Agnes grew up around much fighting. When she was born, there were Albanian protests against the Turkish government. When she was two, she witnessed the First Balkan War. In that war, the Ottomans were defeated, but Macedonia was divided among the conquerors: Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegero, and Serbia. The city of Skopje was distributed to Serbia. Albania received its independence in 1912, but Nikola continued his nationalist work. He joined a movement determined to incorporate Serbia into the Albanian nation. In 1914, when Agnes was only four years old, World War I began. In 1918, her father was killed. Some people believe that he was poisoned by enemies. Many people mourned his death because of his kindness and generosity. Drana Bojaxhiu and the family were left with little money and no means of income. Drana worked hard to provide for her family. To get enough money, she became a dressmaker. Even though she had to work extra hard to make ends meet, Drana still found time and money to give to the lonely. When Agnes was young, she used to go on trips with her mother to visit the elderly, sick, and the poor. It is said that their mothers generosity may have had the greatest influence on Agnes, her sister, and her brother. Agnes was the youngest of the three children. Her older brother was named Lazar and her older sister was Aga. Aga was five years older than Agnes. Agnes loved reading books, saying prayers, and thinking. She also liked to sing and write poems about her faith. Agnes learned her faith from her mother. There was a sign in the front room of their house that read: In this house, no one must speak against another. Drana passed down to her children many values. She believed that the Lords work was reward enough in itself and that you should serve God in a practical, helpful way. Agnes had thought about being a teacher when she was younger, but at the age of twelve, she knew she wanted to lead a religious life. When Agnes was only fourteen, she knew she wanted to be a missionary nun. At age eighteen, Agnes joined the Loreto order of nuns. In September of 1928, she left her family and everything she knew to serve God at the Loreto Abbey in Dublin Ireland. There, she learned how to speak English. In November, she went to India to teach English in an Indian school. In 1929, Agnes started her novitiate in an Abbey in Darjeeling, and abbey in the foothills of the Himalayas. A novitiate is the time a nun spends studying, praying, and contemplating before she takes her vows. On May 24, 1931, Agnes took her first vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience. She took her name after St. Therese, the patron saint of missionaries. On May 14, 1937, Teresa took her final vows, promising to serve God for the rest of her life. Teresa eventually became the principal of Loreto Entally, a school in Entally (a district