Business Proposal Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Proposal - Case Study Example The trust that has been created at various departments of the company has helped Tata to establish several institutes like Indian Institute of Science, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research and Tata Institute of Social Sciences among others. The employee welfare aspect of Tata is so strong that it had created various facilities for their employees. The employees have to work 8-hours during the day; provident fund and maternity leave are a few of the facilities that are provided to the employees of Tata Group. In the year 2010-2011, Tata Group had contributed around US$170 million towards the upliftment of social causes (Tata Sons Ltd, 2012). The main objective of the paper is to develop a comprehensive understanding of the leadership strategies implemented by Tata Group to facilitate its business in India and all around the world. Based on the analysis, business proposal will be presented to the company which can enable it to gain further benefits and ensure sustainability. Role of the Leader in Initiating and Managing Change Leadership in any organization plays a vital role to take it to newer heights. Similar scenario can be observed in case of Tata Group as well. It is recognized to transform its operations in recent years for initially operating as a slow-moving giant which is risk-averse to a conglomerate which is dynamic and aggressive in its decision making. In this turn-around of approach, the leadership standpoint of Mr. Ratan Tata, the Chairman of Tata Group has been a major factor. He has taken certain remarkable initiatives that have led the organization to attain major growth and distinction. Thus, Mr. Ratan Tata, as a pioneering and diligent leader can be largely attributed to the ensuing growth of Tata Group (Prasad, Govind, & Sesha, 2008). The leaders of Tata have set up various strategies in order to get through the diverse competitive situations that took place at the organization. The leaders at Tata under the guidance of Ratan Tata have an immense sense towards directing the company at different directions depending on the demand of the company. The leaders of the company provide utmost significance to the employees of the organization and they gain a lot of importance in the company. The company shares five important principles like excellence, understanding, integrity, responsibility and unity (Prasad, Govind, & Sesha, 2008). The leaders of Tata utilize all the five principles to overcome all the changes that take place in the company. Tata Group has set up cost leadership approach for further expansion of the organization. The leaders had analyzed the position of Tata through the business model of the organization. The Tata Business Excellence Model (TBEM) has been the major driving force behind the transformation which has taken place in the organization. This business model has facilitated the company to ensure that business objectives of the company are attained keeping in consideration the due significance of r endering quality to the consumers (Prasad, Govind, & Sesha, 2008). The leaders at Tata finally decided that if the products of the company become more standardized then the cost of those products can be reduced quite easily. This strategy helped the company to develop a steel industry at Jamshedpur. Moreover, it has been viewed that the leaders at Tata has gained success

The Body Shop Internaltional Plc Commerce Essay

The Body Shop Internaltional Plc Commerce Essay Successful business ventures go through the path into business over the decades if not centuries to achieve its goals and objectives which The Body Shop International plc (The Body Shop) finds itself in such high regards. The founder of The Body Shop was Dame Anita Roddick from Littlehampton, an English seaside town (Dame Anita Roddick: The Body Shop International plc, 2012). It had its very first outlet launched on 26th March 1976 in Brighton, on the south coast of England (Our History: The Body Shop International plc , 2012). The Body Shop offers beauty products that are original, natural and ethical beauty brand (Our Company: The Body Shop International plc, 2012). The Body Shop introduces new products into the market with the use of natural materials and ingredients which is fair trade (Support Community Fair Trade: The Body Shop International plc, 2012). The Body Shop emphasises on positive social and environmental through campaigns with five core values of Activate Self Esteem, Protect Our Planet, Against Animal Testing, Support Community Trade and Defend Human Rights (Our Values: The Body Shop International plc, 2012). According to (About Us: The Body Shop International plc, 2012) its website based indicates the desire for this brand is to make the products with love and care that creates the slogan of Beauty with Heart. The Body Shop offers relatively high quality beauty products in the market to meet consumers demands. TASK 1 SWOT ANALYSIS The specific objective of the business venture is to identify the internal and external factors that are favourable and unfavourable to achieve objectives. (McDonald, Rogers, Woodburn, 2000, p. 148) suggested that A SWOT is an analysis of your strength and weaknesses compared to competitors and of the opportunities and treats by a key account. Strength The Body Shop brand itself holds a strong image in the market which well known for its beauty products (The Body Shop: The Body Shop International plc, 2012). Natural ingredients are use to produces good quality and innovative products. We are the leading key player in the niche market where targeting and satisfying needs of the customers. The Body Shop has a high brand loyalty from consumers due to the product differentiation. Weaknesses The Body Shop does not have direct marketing or advertising department where there is no strong physical public awareness. In the United Kingdom (UK) The Body Shop have small number of retail stores in operation. The products are either in the mature or decline stage of the product life cycle due to high and low consumers demand. The franchise system has specific requirement that cause problem to attract new franchisee. Opportunities The Body Shop products are produce with natural material and ingredients that increased awareness of organic and eco-friendly (Protect The Planet: The Body Shop International plc, 2012). Todays world with advanced technology of internet, develop an online website to increased number of online buyers (The Body Shop UK: The Body Shop Interational plc, 2012). Ageing population has increased in the current market that The Body Shop could target the ageing consumers who are willing to spend on products claiming anti ageing properties. Treats The Body Shop faces a huge growing competition within the beauty industry that offers similar products. In the current harmful environment situation that cause climate change and global warming will affect unstable supplies of raw materials. When UK faces financial crisis in the economic downturn, The Body Shop is in the condition of decreased on sales turnover in the overall market. 2.0 KEY PRODUCT # The key product of The Body Shop is Tea Tree Oil which mainly for blemished skin. The use of this product will have the effect of soothing, has antibacterial properties and does not dry out skins which can apply directly to all skin type. (Best Sellers: The Body Shop International plc, 2012). 2.01 ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES An organisation, consumers or in general will conduct a market research that benefits the management to improve economic development. There are six environmental variables which is Political factors, Economic factors, Geographical factors, Cultural factors, Educational-Philosophical factors and Sociological factors use by organisation management to widen the marketing research within a country. (Loudon, 1975, p. 95) Tea Tree Oil considered looking into three environmental variables of Cultural factors, Economic factors and Political factors. Cultural factors In every country have their own culture to learn and influence by tradition that affect different perception towards other culture. Tea Tree Oil is the key product of The Body Shop due to its natural properties where some countries use as an ingredient in medication remedies for healing. Some countries may perceive Tea Tree Oil as a common product where some believe is a valuable product. Economic factors Economic factors plays an important role for any business industry where customers purchasing power and decision making process is concern. Increase costs on raw materials that affect retail price to increase. Most consumers perceived Tea Tree Oil as a valuable product because it uses natural ingredients. Tea Tree Oil could be marketed to any country due to its natural properties that can be use on any skin type. Political factors The Body Shop build relationship with suppliers from different country in order to get finest raw ingredients to produce Tea Tree Oil. Commit local government rules and regulation to import raw materials and ingredients from different country. In the current UK market faces recession that causes The Body Shop to face unstable economic and political environment situation. Tea Tree Oil is a well known product in the world for its natural properties. 2.02 PHYSIOLOGICAL VARIABLE In physiological variable can be related to Maslows hierarchy of needs which include Physiological needs, Safety needs, Social needs, Esteem needs and Self-actualisation (Shaw, Dibeehi, Walden, 2010, pp. 81-87). The needs that influence Tea Tree Oil are Physiological needs, Safety needs and Social needs. Physiological needs Physiological needs are the basics of life. Tea Tree Oil is consumers basic need on daily usage as a beauty product or traditional medicine. Tea Tree Oil has a positive impact on consumers who are beauty conscious. It has its ability to heal wounds naturally because human body has the ability to absorb oil easily. Safety needs Safety needs are most important where consumers concern on product safety which Tea Tree Oil is contact with skin. Tea Tree Oil has gone through the production process of using fair trade natural ingredients and tested on human instead of animal before its being marketed. The Body Shop well trained sales assistants and product label provides appropriate information about Tea Tree Oil to keep the retention and loyalty of the consumers towards its product and brand. Social needs Social needs where customers and employees build relationship with each other to identify the culture and needs of customers to provide best services and information related to its product. The Body Shop keeps promises of using the raw materials and ingredients to produce good quality and innovative products that will gain good connection with customers. Tea Tree Oil itself has its own ability to build relationship with consumers with the positive responds and natural properties. 3.0 MARKETING MIX Marketing mix is an essential theory for every product or service provided in the business industry. The Michael Porters 4 Ps model entails Product, Price, Place and Promotion which are more appropriate for tangible goods. In todays world marketing mix has extended to 7 Ps with an additional of People, Process and Physical Evidence that is used in the servicing industries. (Borden, 1984, pp. 7-12). In The Body Shop business is involved in products which marketing mix of 4 Ps is essential. Product Tea Tree Oil is a key product which is organically grown beauty product that has natural properties and safe to use in contact with skin. Tea Tree Oil is made from extraction of oil from leaves of the Melaleuca alternifolia to form the product which is organic (Wong, 2012). Tea Tree Oil has a short life span due to natural ingredients without preservatives. Price The current retail price in store are selling at  £7 a bottle of 10ml in the UK (Best Sellers: The Body Shop International plc, 2012). The price of Tea Tree Oil is relatively low compared to other competitors in the market. Tea Tree Oil is in the medium price range among the product in store. The Body Shop Tea Tree Oil is considered as an affordable product with the natural properties. Place The Body Shop is a business-to-consumer related organisation that involve in the retail industry. Direct target market of The Body Shop is on consumers. The distribution types that The Body Shop emphasises are the mix of intensive distribution and selective distribution. The Body Shop retail stores in the market run their businesses on a franchising basis (Franchising: The Body Shop International plc, 2012). Promotion The Body Shop are against promotion because there is no direct marketing and advertising department. We own a website for customers to browse for information and purchase products through online. All beauty products in store are organically grown for its natural properties. The Body Shop core values of against animal testing which protect animal, cruelty-free and vegetarian (Against Animal Testing: The Body Shop International plc, 2012). TASK 2 4.0 MARKETING OBJECTIVES Marketing objectives are an organisation desire to achieve its mission and vision to generate more revenue and market share. (Lamb, Hair, Jr., McDaniel, 2012, p. 39) commented that A marketing objectives is a statement of what is to be accomplish through marketing activities. It is essential of any organisation to have a marketing objective in order to develop a marketing plan activity. 4.01 SMART ANALYSIS The Body Shop marketing objectives can be set by using SMART analysis to form a marketing plan to expand its roots to a foreign market (Robinson, Wale, Dickson, 2010, p. 144). Specific The Body Shop should specifically define the aims to achieve in future with clear focus on its objectives and develop approaches that can be use to achieve defined objectives to gain significant market share. Measurable The Body Shop should make sure that its objectives can be measured and quantified in the business operation. Achievable The Body Shop should use the market segmentation to analyse in order to avoid setting unrealistic and unachievable targets. Realistic The Body Shop should focus on its available resources such as funds, time, natural materials and ingredients, machine and employees before setting its realistic target to expand. Timed The Body Shop should make sure that its objectives are timed wisely and forecast its sales and profits in the long term period of time. The objectives been set by The Body Shop are smart and time bound as we can prove that The Body Shop currently still stand strongly in the market. We need to develop the visibility of the brand to create public awareness. Emphasises against animal testing in the foreign market that shows The Body Shop is cruelty-free and vegetarian. Widen the target market to kids range that is organic to refresh the image of the brand. Consider to reinforce environmental policies by working only with Community Fair Trade supplier to keep the loyalty of the consumers. Obtain environmental certification to prove to foreign market consumers that The Body Shop is in the business of ethical trading. 5.0 THEORETICAL CONCEPTS OF GLOBALISATION PROCESS In the globalisation process is base on theoretical concepts which there is no specific definition. According to (Bozyk, 2006, p. 1) the most important part of the research is From the theoretical point of view, globalization means an unlimited access to these markets for all interested business regardless of country of origin and economic regions. Globalisation is a free market to enter into any foreign market to start a business without any barriers. Another theory identified that globalisation process involves compression. According to (Zajda, 2005, p. 614) the most important part of the research is Compression makes the world a single place by virtue of the power of a set of globally diffused ideas that render societal and ethnic identities and traditions irrelevant except within local contexts. Organisation set objectives that is standardise to suite the local market and foreign market. The Body Shop have no issues to enter into any foreign market due to its natural materials and ingredients being use to produce products. The Body Shop emphasises the core values that brings positive impact to the foreign market with the organic and eco-friendly policies. 6.0 BEHAVIOURAL TRENDS AND PATTERNS Todays world, consumer demands are wide that every organisation is difficult to commit. Consumer buying behaviour relates to the social and culture of the consumer decision making process. The trends and patterns of the consumers are form base on the development behaviour among a large population in the long term. The Body Shop consumers bargaining power and purchasing power in the current market are strong that demands and expectations are high. The foreign market trends and patterns of the consumers are different from one another due to its social life and culture environment influences. The Body Shop looks into the trends and patterns of a foreign market in order to target the right market and achieve objectives. Market segmentation plays an important role to understand the foreign market trends and patterns of the consumers. The Body Shop conduct focused groups that provide valuable information of the products market acceptance. On the other hand, The Body Shop experience different perception and background of consumers in different country. The trends and patterns of consumers are dynamic which is difficult to commit. Consumers personal lifestyle will influence a brand in the market if consumers are branding conscious. 6.01 MACRO ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS Macro environmental factors which PESTEL analysis is a useful business strategic tool to measure and understand how The Body Shop market grows or decline, position in the market, potential and direction for its operations (Yeates Wakefield, 2004, p. 265). In any business strategic decision making process, the employment of PESTEL analysis can be use as a framework. Political and Legal factors The Body Shop build relationship with the Community Fair Trade suppliers for raw material and ingredient in different country (Our Values: The Body Shop International plc, 2012). Rules and regulation of the local government in foreign market are different from one another. The Body Shop faces unstable economic and political environment when foreign market is in the recession period. Economic In the current market position consumers demand for good quality beauty products due to climate change and unhealthy meals cause skin problems. The increase cost on raw materials and ingredients that affect the retail price to increase due to high demand. Consumer purchasing power is influences by the disposable income of individual customers. Customers may perceive The Body Shop as a luxury brand in some foreign market. Socio-Cultural The Body Shop consumers may shift to other beauty brand which also offers organic and eco-friendly products. The Body Shop failed to wider the target market to baby and kids range that is organic and natural ingredients for delicate skin. Social media marketing such as Facebook and Twitter is developed to provide information and updates on products to customers. Technology The Body Shop uses social media marketing to promote brand globally and create awareness. The use of natural materials and ingredients that form natural properties creates innovative products. Launching Love Your Bodyà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ card to create consumers retention with the membership privileges when use in store (OUR LOVE YOUR BODYà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ CARD: The Body Shop International plc, 2012). Environmental Climate change and global warming will affect unstable supplies of raw materials and ingredients. Emphasises on the eco-friendly policy in order to save the mother earth (Protect The Planet: The Body Shop International plc, 2012). 7.0 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT PROCESS The process of internationalisation business management can be explained that international business intends to enter the global market in its earliest stage to increase the sales and profitability. Certain circumstance do cause for changes, such as the environment do take place which will affect the internationalisation process. In firms which are successful in their internationalisation process will survive through the previous experience being gained. (Vahlne Nordstrom, 1993, p. 531). There is different industry characteristic affecting the process of internationalisation which is economies of scale, research and development intensity, product differentiation, governmental policies and transportation costs (Vahlne Nordstrom, 1993, p. 532). The Body Shop invests in the foreign market need to think global and act locally in the market to satisfy the consumers demands. The Body Shop needs to implement international business management process in order to expand its roots to a foreign market successfully. 7.01 INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT International human resource management is important in the international business operation. (Briscoe, Schuler, Tarique, 2012) commented that Broadly defined, the field of international human resource management (IHRM)is the study and application of all human resource management activities as they impact the process of managing human resource in enterprise in the global environment. The human resource policies and practices need to implement to support the global strategy in any international company. The Body Shop needs to learn the culture of the foreign market in order to have an appropriate human resource management department. Learning and understanding the foreign market local culture that brings positive impact to work and communicate with foreigners 7.02 INTERNATIONAL MARKETING International marketing can be explained that local company takes the opportunity to invest in the foreign market to gain significant profits and market share. There is no specific definition to international marketing where most definitions of marketing are acceptable. According to (Vasudeva, 2006, p. 5) commented that marketing activities carried out by a marketer in more than one nation across national boundaries may be termed as international marketing. Understanding of what marketing is and how it operates in an international context will complete the study of international marketing. The Body Shop goes to international market will benefit to the consumers who concern on beauty and organic products. The Body Shop invest in the international market will generate more revenue to the company that increase sales turnover. Furthermore, gaining experience from foreign market in order to improve company objectives and strategies. 7.03 INTERNATIONAL LOGISTICS International logistics definition is divided to international and logistic which it gives a different meaning. (Wood, Barone, Murphy, Wardlow, 2001, p. 1) commented that International means that it will deal with transactions involving individuals or firms in more than one nation. (Wood, Barone, Murphy, Wardlow, 2001, p. 1) also commented that Logistics means the organized movement of goods, services and sometimes people. The combination of international logistics can be defined as local company invest in the international market and export goods across the border. International logistics involves the buyers, the sellers, the carries, the intermediaries or middlemen and sometimes the government. The Body Shop involves in the international logistics where the intention to expand its roots to the foreign market that exporting goods and experience people to start up the business. As a result international logistics are costly due to export duties, taxes and other expenses incurred when exporting. 8.0 CONCLUSION The Body Shop is a successful company in the beauty industry where people, animal and planet are concern. Natural materials and ingredients being use to produce products to save the mother earth with guaranteed good quality and safety product. Through its good business model that satisfied the consumers demand which keep consumers retention and loyalty. The Body Shop objectives to achieve with the participation from employees will lead to good reputation that shows the achievement being met. The Body Shop objectives that have achieved will maximise the revenue and employees efficiency of work performance. 9.0 REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHIES About Us: The Body Shop International plc. (2012). Retrieved December 26, 2012, from The Bosy Shop International plc Web site: http://www.thebodyshop.com/content/services/aboutus.aspx Against Animal Testing: The Body Shop International plc. (2012). Retrieved December 27, 2012, from The Body Shop International plc Web site: http://www.thebodyshop.com/values/AgainstAnimalTesting.aspx Best Sellers: The Body Shop International plc. (2012). Retrieved December 26, 2012, from The Body Shop International plc web site: http://www.thebodyshop.co.uk/whats-hot/best-sellers/tea-tree-oil.aspx Borden, N. H. (1984). The Concept of the Marketing Mix. Journal of Advertising Research , 7-12. Bozyk, P. (2006). Globalization And the Transformation of Foreign Economic Policy. Hampshire: Ashgate Publishing Limited. Briscoe, D., Schuler, R., Tarique, I. (2012). International Human Resource Management 4th Edition. Oxon: Routledge. Dame Anita Roddick: The Body Shop International plc. (2012). Retrieved December 26, 2012, from The Body Shop International plc Web site: http://www.thebodyshop.com/content/services/aboutus_anita-roddick.aspx Franchising: The Body Shop International plc. (2012). Retrieved December 27, 2012, from The Body Shop Internaltional plc Web site: http://www.thebodyshop.com/content/services/franchising.aspx Lamb, C. W., Hair, J. F., Jr., McDaniel, C. D. (2012). Essential of Marketing. Mason: Cengage Learning. Loudon, D. L. (1975). The Influence of Environmental Variables on the Use of Marketing Research. Management International Review , 95. McDonald, M., Rogers, B., Woodburn, D. (2000). Key Customers: How to Manage Them Profitably. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Our Company: The Body Shop International plc. (2012). Retrieved December 26, 2012, from The Body Shop International plc Web site: http://www.thebodyshop.com/content/services/aboutus_company.aspx Our History: The Body Shop International plc . (2012). Retrieved December 26, 2012, from The Body Shop International plc Web site: http://www.thebodyshop.com/content/services/aboutus_history.aspx OUR LOVE YOUR BODYà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ CARD: The Body Shop International plc. (2012). Retrieved December 28, 2012, from The Body Shop International plc Web site: http://www.thebodyshop.com/content/loyalty/love-your-body/using-your-card.aspx Our Values: The Body Shop International plc. (2012). Retrieved December 26, 2012, from The Body Shop International plc Web site : http://www.thebodyshop.com/content/services/aboutus_values.aspx Protect The Planet: The Body Shop International plc. (2012). Retrieved December 27, 2012, from The Body Shop International plc: http://www.thebodyshop.com/values/ProtectPlanet.aspx Robinson, P., Wale, D., Dickson, G. (2010). Events Management. Oxfordshire: CAB International. Shaw, C., Dibeehi, Q., Walden, S. (2010). Customer Experience Future Trends Insight . New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Support Community Fair Trade: The Body Shop International plc. (2012). Retrieved December 26, 2012, from The Body Shop Interbational plc Web site: http://www.thebodyshop.com/values/CommunityFairTrade.aspx The Body Shop UK: The Body Shop Interational plc. (2012). Retrieved December 27, 2012, from The Body Shop International plc Web site: http://www.thebodyshop.co.uk/index_s.aspx The Body Shop: The Body Shop International plc. (2012). Retrieved December 27, 2012, from The Body Shop International plc Web site: http://www.thebodyshop.com/index.aspx Vahlne, J.-E., Nordstrom, K. A. (1993). The Internationalization Process: Impact of Commpetion and Experience. The International Trade Journal . Vasudeva, P. K. (2006). International Marketing 3rd Edition. New Delhi: Anurag Jain. Wong, C. (2012, September 15). Alternative Medicine: About.com. Retrieved December 27, 2012, from About.com Web site: http://altmedicine.about.com/od/herbsupplementguide/a/TeaTreeOil.htm Wood, D. F., Barone, A., Murphy, P., Wardlow, D. L. (2001). International Logistics. Massachusetts: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Yeates, D., Wakefield, T. (2004). System Analysis and Design Second Edition. Essex: Pearson Education Limited. Zajda, J. I. (2005). International Handbook on Globalisation, Education and Policy Research. Dordrecht: Springer.

Almost A Woman Essays -- essays research papers

In the autobiography Almost A Woman by Esmeralda Santiago, there are many cultural differences. She feels alienated from the rest of the people in New York or the United States, for that matter. When Esmeralda was thirteen she moved to New York with her family from Puerto Rico. She did not know a word of English nor did she have any idea of what the American culture was like. To top off her ignorance of the American culture, she was poor, making her more of an outcast. As she was growing up in the United States, most people related her to the only Latin people they had ever seen, who were Desi Arnaz from "I Love Lucy" and Rita Moreno from "West Side Story". She hated those assumptions; they were inaccurate. Desi Arnaz played to role of a Cuban musician who was married to an American and was always put as the dumb, ignorant Hispanic who was sometimes lost in the ideas of the American. Some of that is true, but she didn’t like the idea that people thought she was dumb just because the American culture was new to her. The other person that most people related her to was Rita Moreno’s character in "West Side Story". Esmeralda hated this one even more. Moreno’s character was a Puerto Rican girl named Maria caught in the middle of a gang rivalry. Esmeralda thought they portrayed Maria as a whore because of the way she dressed and the way she acted towards men....

Classroom Observation Instruments Essay

The following checklist it based off the Charlotte Danielson Framework. Teacher evaluations are based on four components or domains. Domain 1 is preparation and planning, domain 2 is classroom environment, domain 3 is instruction, and domain 4 is professional responsibility. When completing a classroom observation, only aspects of domain 2 and domain 3 are observable with a walk through. The following is an evaluation checklist of things a principal will look for while completing a classroom walk through. Sections marked with a (T) are teacher behaviors being observed, those marked with an (S) are student behaviors. Domain 2- Classroom Environment 1. Creating a classroom environment of respect and rapport (T) 2. Establishing a culture for learning (T) 3. Managing classroom procedures (T) 4. Management of student behavior (T) 5. Organizing physical space (T) 6. Work stations for group work (S) 7. Student desks are organized and material accessible (S) Additional notes on classroom environment: Domain 3 – Instruction 1. Communicating with students (T) 2. Use of questioning and discussion techniques (T) 3. Engaging students in learning (T) 4. Using assessment in instruction (T) 5. Demonstrate flexibility and responsiveness (T) 6. Whole class participation (S) 7. Student Engagement/on task behavior (S) 8. Confidence displayed in assessment (S) Additional notes on instruction: The above checklist is meant to be a guideline for principals to use during a walk through evaluation. Can you see the five aspects of each domain present in the classroom for teachers and the five for students? A simple yes or no will suffice. The above checklist is meant to be a guideline or springboard to complete next steps in the learning process. Those areas marked yes should be a cause for celebration. Evaluators and teachers can then discuss to what extent those aspects were present during the observation. In addition to the yes or no answers for each aspect of the two domains, an evaluator can write comments that fall within the domain descriptions as well. Are classroom procedures posted? That can be noted for classroom environment. What type of graphic organizer did the teacher use? That is part of an instructional strategy. The bottom part of the checklist allows the evaluator to add to the things he saw or did not see. This evaluation checklist should be copied and given directly to the teacher for reflection. That way the teacher has immediate feedback of what the principal observed in her classroom. This allows the educator to see what is being observed in her classroom and in her teaching. She can reflect on what aspects were not observed, adjust her teaching and include those aspects going forward. As much as it is a checklist for the evaluator, it can be used as a check-in for the teacher. If time allows, the principal should sit down and discuss the findings with the teacher, but time is not always available for this conference opportunity. This communication method would fall into a non-directive supervisory approach. Nondirective supervision involves the teacher being an essential part of the decision making process. While the teacher is reflecting and thinking through his actions for instructional improvement, the supervisor assists in this thinking and reflection process (Glickman& Gordon, Ross-Gordon, 2008). This is shown through the principal giving feedback, but the teacher working out the next steps on her own. The positive aspect of this type of supervision includes the teacher feeling comfortable enough to ask their administrator for help when needed and feeling comfortable  enough to take risks in their classrooms (Rettig, Lampe, and Garcia, 2000). References Glickman, C.D., Gordon, S.P., Ross-Gordon, J.M. (2014). Supervision and instructional leadership: a developmental approach (9th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Rettig, P.R., Lampe and Garcia, P. (2000). â€Å"Supervising Your Faculty with a Differentiated Model.† The Department Chair 11(2)

How does Wordsworth portray real people in The Lyrical Ballads? Essay

Lyrical Ballads, and in particular the Preface to Lyrical Ballads, is considered a central work of Romantic literary theory. In it, Wordsworth discusses what he sees as the elements of a new type of poetry, one based on the â€Å"real language of men† and the work itself avoids the poetic diction of much eighteenth-century poetry, whose most famous exponent was John Milton in Paradise Lost, which benefitted from drastic overuse of verbose Latinate vocabulary. He felt this wasn’t an accurate reflection of real people, and sought to portray them through using language which they used. In the Preface to Lyrical Ballads, Wordsworth famously described poetry as the â€Å"spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings from emotions recollected in tranquility†, and wrote to justify – in theoretical terms – his practice of writing a new and â€Å"experimental† poetry, one whose language is â€Å"fitting to metrical arrangement a selection of the real lan guage of men in a state of vivid sensation.† He rejected the Miltonic approach to poetry, and instead favoured much more Anglo-Saxon words, for their gritty implications – appropriate for a publication in which most of the poems are focused around everyday people and situations. Unsurprisingly, these are very pastoral poems, many of which solely include narrative. Although this may seem mundane for such a famous poet, this was Wordsworth’s statement of protest against the style of the time, and his digression instead led to a new style of poetry in which living language is valued highly, as it allows a sense of man speaking to man, and is a more accessible style of poetry than his predecessors’. In Michael, a poem about a father and son who form an eternal bond (Michael, an eighty-year old shepherd, and Luke, his son), Wordsworth portrays the relationship between the two. The first indication we receive of the tight-knit paternal bond is the use of language when describing Michael’s care for Luke. On two occasions, Michael’s affection is emphasised by using particularly matriarchal language: â€Å"[Michael] had done him [Luke] female service† and â€Å"†¦ female hand† . Wordsworth tries to convey the strength of the bond between the two in an ordinary working family; a clear diversion from the traditional poetry of the time. Michael is evidently a plain, hard-working, content and fulfilled man, but the land he has worked and lived on has to be sold on when his brother defaults on a loan that Michael had guaranteed. From line 236 († â€Å"Isabel,† said he, †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ), Wordsworth uses dialogue for the first time to instill the sense of a soliloquy in the poem. Michael speaks with a Shakespearean dignity; he is more upset that he is soon to lose his land, and his family will be affected, than that his brother has betrayed him. The nature of the poem itself is something which concentrates itself around the ostensibly ordinary; it is, by definition, a pastoral poem. It describes the life of a shepherd and his family, but even this varies from the traditional meaning of the word, as the country scene is far from idyllic. After hearing that his land will have to be sold, and sending off his son in order to make enough money for the family to still be comfortable, Michael goes about constructing a sheepfold, of which Luke lays the cornerstone. This is, again, a seemingly unimportant detail, especially given the content of contemporary poetry, but in the context of a shepherd’s life, this is more than a mere detail, and within the context of the poem, it is critical. Firstly, it provides us with possibly the best example of typically Wordsworthian language in the whole poem: the building materials are described as a â€Å"Straggling heap of unhewn stones†, a phrase which exemplifies the fricative consonants and drawn-out vowels of inherently Anglo-Saxon vocabulary. The pile of stones is also crucial to the poem as it signifies the transient impermanence and brevity of life, which leads us into thinking of Michael’s life – he has worked for â€Å"70 years† for everything he owns, and it is to be taken from him in a relative instant. The sheepfold itself is never finished, as Michael learns that Luke has become a criminal and must flee â€Å"beyond the seas† – every day for the rest of his life, Michael goes to mourn the ‘death’ of his son at the pile of stones, and, seven years later, he dies. The poem’s obvious purpose is to support his notion that a pastoral life is pure, moral, and happy. Wordsworth believed that living close to nature, living an uncomplicated, spiritual life devoted to honest labor was the ideal. His narrative suggests that if Luke had remained in the natural valley with his parents and continued to live the pastoral life, he would have retained his moral character and would have later saved his parents from years of grief. Although Michael is the prime example of Wordsworth’s portrayal of real people in The Lyrical Ballads, several other poems display his wish to convey the lives of real people through techniques such as language and routine situations.

An evaluation of Micmac Customs and Traditions

An evaluation of Micmac Customs and Traditions In his article " Micmac Customs and Traditions", Stansbury Hager ethnographically records some of the traditions and customs of the Micmac people. After a short introduction including the methods of collecting the data, as well as information about its source, Hager jumps right into a description of some Micmac traditions and customs. He begins with a description of "a system of communication [for use] while in the woods" (Hager 1895:31) followed by an extensive description of a complex board game, named "wÂ…Â lt„•st ´mkwÂ…Â n", played by the Micmac (Hager 1895:31-35). Following this is a description of the Micmac's version of football named "too ¢dijik" (what we now refer to as soccer)(Hager 1895:35-36). Hager then goes on to describe the serpent dance, named "choogichoo yajik", which is then related to similar practices and beliefs held by other native groups of North America. He points out that the similarities are likely indicative of a somewhat shared herit age among the native groups.Karl Rove and Henry Hager in red SpeedosHager exemplifies this point with folk-tales, one of which closely resembles another told by the Chippewa natives (Hager 1895:40). A small conclusion is included at the end of this article containing a short commentary on how, "in spite of the years of research [...,] the knowledge of these myths is rapidly disappearing" (42). In whole, this article is reminiscence of the historical particularism viewpoint.Although it is difficult to place this article into a specific school or tradition, I believe it comes from historical particularism (typical to the school of American anthropology) because, other than the fact the article is published in "The American Anthropologist" (a possible, yet unreliable, indicator), it deems a focus on the traditions and customs of a group of people as a valid study. Another indicator that further indicates a categorization of historical particularism is the author's use of...

Improving decision making

Improving decision making The method that chosen and used for collecting and analysing data meant to give form to the human thinking and process of solving problems. The effectiveness in detecting the problems and making decisions over them depends on statistically collected. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Improving decision making specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The decision-making procedure involves â€Å"detecting problems, defining priorities, identifying innovative solutions, and allocating resources for improved health outcomes.† (Cibulskis Hiawalyer, 2002) These are fundamental realities that have been ignored or little efforts have been placed to enhance them for greater information outcome. The timeliness, accurateness and relevance of information are crucial for decision makers. This paper focuses on collection of public health data that is required for making managerial decisions at personal, provisional, regional, natio nal and international levels. Some of the vital statistical information required to improve decision-making include the census reports, reports filed after some vital events, health surveillance reports, data from resources tracking procedures, statistics of facilities and other household surveys. The power of information for strategic change is evident on some historical examples of statistical data collection and analysis that used in the past for better decision-making procedures. Such examples include â€Å"The United Nations’ Standard System of National Accounts† which was discovered years ago by Richard Stone and it helps to define and shape the nation over various views, opportunities on offer and supporting disclosures. The other renowned example is the â€Å"Disability-adjusted Life Years (DALY’s)†, which is globally used to shape precedence for investments. (Cibulskis Hiawalyer, 2002) Data is a straightforward gauge for characteristics but it has very little or no inherent value or meaning if it is not analyzed, processed or interpreted to allow for generation of patters that create information. Information is what enables one to make improved decisions such as generation of recommendations, creation of rules for actions and change behaviors to support knowledge. Type of statistical information collected in the health sector The time, accuracy and the relevance of the information are the requirements for good decisions over services, policies/procedures and behaviours. In the health sector the type of statistical information collected for strategic planning include, â€Å"clinical diagnosis and management of illness or injury, quality assurance and quality improvement for health services, detection and control of emerging and endemic disease.† Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Others may entail  "human resource management, procurement and management of health commodities (including drugs, vaccines, and diagnostics), regulation of toxic exposures, program evaluation, research and other types of policies or programs.† (Walsh and Simonet 1995) This is information that can be very useful for the citizens to make viable claims, choose better health facilities consequently to behaviors and demand the required services and policies that safeguard them. In the health sector, some of this statistical information is very important for making wise decisions regarding transactional needs. For instance detection and control mechanisms to be installed at the boarder points to control consequences that may be brought about by wide spreading epidemics or infections such as the recent â€Å"H1N1† flu that has his various countries all over the world or the â€Å"Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)†. The health sector lacks these urgently required responsive and appa rent tracking systems and therefore there is need for performance measures to allow various countries to define priorities. This is an ever-increasing burden forcing the need for provision of evidence as a basis for decision making which leads to more risks. Countries ought to be empowered into measuring key indicators and producing unique evident strategic plans for better information and better health. (Perrin, Kalsbeek, and Scanlan 2004) Advantages of accurate interpretation of data to improve decision making With an organized process and procedure of interpreting medical data, it is possible to assemble and communicate the required information in an understandable and timely manner. A standardized system of collecting, analysing and availing heath recorded data enhances the economies of scale over training, managing software, processes and hardware that is involved. Considering regular health information as a cumulative high-quality need due to its required spread, produces cu mulative augments in the assessment of public goods, thus strengthening credibility and importance of Information interpretation and exchange. The reliability and compatibility of information is furthermore improved through standardizing local as well as multinational systems. (Cibulskis and Hiawalye, 2002) Conclusion Today there is no single data collection mechanism, considered as the most adequate over the needs for decision-making procedures. Globally, especially in the health sector, the required technology should be in position of integrating information to produce the necessary indicators or track development towards common goals. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Improving decision making specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This may call for pre-defined methods for management and distribution of information and definition of iterative systems for collecting core data such as â€Å"census, surveys, services stat istics, resources and monitoring of vital events.† (AbonZahr and Boerma 2005) According to The World Health Organization (WHO) as reported by Murry etal, (2003) the key statistical information or data that ought to be collected for improved decision making procedures include census reports, family units inspection reports, community physical condition surveillance reports, reports written after monitoring of important events, statistics involving the health departments and resource follow-up reports. Reference AbonZahr, C., and Boerma, T. (2005) â€Å"Health Information Systems: The Foundations of Public Health.† Bulletin of the World Health Organization 83 (8): 578–83. Cibulskis, R. E., and Hiawalyer, G. (2002) â€Å"Information Systems for Health Sector Monitoring in Papua New Guinea.† Bulletin of the World Health Organization 80 (9): 752–58. Murray, C. et al. (2003). â€Å"Validity of Reported Vaccination Coverage in 45 Countries.† Lancet 362 (9389): 1022–27. Perrin, E. B., Kalsbeek, W.D. and Scanlan, T. M. (2004) Toward a Health Statistics System for the 21st Century. Summary of a workshop, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council and Committee on National Statistics, National Academy of Sciences. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. Walsh, J. A., and Simonet, M. (1995) â€Å"Data and Data Needs for Health Sector Reform. â€Å"Health Policy 32 (1–3): 295–306.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

How to Analyze a Free Falling Body Problem

How to Analyze a Free Falling Body Problem One of the most common sorts of problems that a beginning physics student will encounter is to analyze the motion of a free-falling body. Its helpful to look at the various ways these sorts of problems can be approached. The following problem was presented on our long-gone Physics Forum by a person with the somewhat unsettling pseudonym c4iscool: A 10kg block being held at rest above the ground is released. The block begins to fall under only the effect of gravity. At the instant that the block is 2.0 meters above the ground, the speed of the block is 2.5 meters per second. At what height was the block released? Begin by defining your variables: y0 - initial height, unknown (what were trying to solve for) v0 0 (initial velocity is 0, since we know it begins at rest) y 2.0 m/s v 2.5 m/s (velocity at 2.0 meters above ground) m 10 kg g 9.8 m/s2 (acceleration due to gravity) Looking at the variables, we see a couple of things that we could do. We can use conservation of energy or we could apply one-dimensional kinematics. Method One: Conservation of Energy This motion exhibits conservation of energy, so you can approach the problem that way. To do this, well have to be familiar with three other variables: U mgy (gravitational potential energy) K 0.5mv2 (kinetic energy) E K U (total classical energy) We can then apply this information to get the total energy when the block is released and the total energy at the 2.0 meter above-the-ground point. Since the initial velocity is 0, there is no kinetic energy there, as the equation shows E 0 K 0 U 0 0 mgy 0 mgy 0E K U 0.5mv2 mgyby setting them equal to each other, we get:mgy0 0.5mv2 mgyand by isolating y0 (i.e. dividing everything by mg) we get:y0 0.5v2 / g y Notice that the equation we get for y0 doesnt include mass at all. It doesnt matter if the block of wood weighs 10 kg or 1,000,000 kg, we will get the same answer to this problem. Now we take the last equation and just plug our values in for the variables to get the solution: y0 0.5 * (2.5 m/s)2 / (9.8 m/s2) 2.0 m 2.3 m This is an approximate solution, since we are only using two significant figures in this problem. Method Two: One-Dimensional Kinematics Looking over the variables we know and the kinematics equation for a one-dimensional situation, one thing to notice is that we have no knowledge of the time involved in the drop. So we have to have an equation without time. Fortunately, we have one (although Ill replace the x with y since were dealing with vertical motion and a with g since our acceleration is gravity): v 2 v 0 2 2 g( x - x 0) First, we know that v0 0. Second, we have to keep in mind our coordinate system (unlike the energy example). In this case, up is positive, so g is in the negative direction. v2 2g(y - y0)v2 / 2g y - y0y0 -0.5 v2 / g y Notice that this is exactly the same equation that we ended up with in the conservation of energy method. It looks different because one term is negative, but since g is now negative, those negatives will cancel and yield the exact same answer: 2.3 m. Bonus Method: Deductive Reasoning This wont give you the solution, but it will allow you to get a rough estimate of what to expect. More importantly, it allows you to answer the fundamental question that you should ask yourself when you get done with a physics problem: Does my solution make sense? The acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 m/s2. This means that after falling for 1 second, an object will be moving at 9.8 m/s. In the above problem, the object is moving at only 2.5 m/s after having been dropped from rest. Therefore, when it reaches 2.0 m in height, we know that it hasnt fallen very fall at all. Our solution for the drop height, 2.3 m, shows exactly this - it had fallen only 0.3 m. The calculated solution does make sense in this case. Edited by Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.

Viewpoints of each anthropologists Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Viewpoints of each anthropologists - Essay Example Specific jobs allotted to men and women, who according to their natural skills and behavior; fulfill them. People make culture through their inclinations and behavior. The most influencing human beings in any society impose their thoughts; not only through their words but also through their actions; which they believe in. Literature and arts depict the deep understanding and believes; in a cultural system. This not only provides the formula of kinship but also determines the prohibitions in different scenarios. Incest prohibition; for an instance is a natural law or a socio-cultural decorum, developed later, anthropologist and ethno historians’ researches show perplexed statements about it. However, it is present since the oldest times, Huron people prohibited cousin marriage. Communication of thoughts and ideas conveyed from one generation to the other defines the general behavior or attitude of people in a cultural system. Levis ideology may sound obscure at the time it was presented, but as the time passed; it became essentially acceptable by Anthropologist of modern era. Ethics and behavior play a great role in balancing a society. Norms act as unspoken rules and therefore people obey them to sustain the balance. People try to understand these customs through their close relations. Therefore relations are necessary for people to understand a cultural system. People usually assert age or sex in mind to judge or predict; less understood relations. Levi didn’t use the notion of relations directly, but used nature and culture which molds a person in a certain cultural system. Nature doesnt nourish what requires by a society; but culture does make a person aware of implications around or on him. Although the importance of relationships, especially blood relations and their direct impact through interaction with other kin of the family may effect adversely if they are not structurally in correct order. However, the incest is not

Semiotic interpretation of an image Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Semiotic interpretation of an image - Essay Example With the signs in photos open for interpretation, an observer can be able to appreciate the denotative and connotative signification. The caption that has been provided is a photo of the Olympic event. It captures the moment where the participants involved are awarded with medals after victory in the sports they had participated. When awarding the Olympic participant, the protocol is that the winner is awarded with a gold medal then the first runner up is awarded with silver followed by brass for the second runner up. After receiving the medals, the next stage involved playing of the national anthem in front of everyone. Only the person who takes the gold is awarded the chance of having his or her country’s national anthem played. From the background of the picture provided, there is a possibility of stating that the event is not a recent one and may have taken place somewhere in the middle 1900s. An aspect that brings out the background of the photo is the ‘black power’ salute that the two of the participants posed. During the 1960’s, there were many instances where the black Americans fought against what they believed to be racism from the original citizens in the country. From this, it is clear to deduce that the time the Olympic event in the picture is taking place might be the 1968 summer Olympics. This aspect then is possible to award the photo with both the denotative and connotative values (Bathes, 35). There is a connotative value that the ‘black power salute’ poses awards the photo. This value is in the unity of the black Americans. The two Olympic participants can be said to be sending a message to the other black people. The message here is not only directed to the black Americans but to all the black people all over the world since Olympics is an international event. The first African country to participate in the Olympics was South Africa in the year 1904; this was under the

Business Ethics and Consequentialism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business Ethics and Consequentialism - Essay Example Ethics compliance includes implementing acts that serve the common good for the greater number of recipients. 1.Utilitarian ethics issues in this Case. There are utilitarian ethics issues in the case of the pacemaker case. The electronics company can generate the greater good to the greatest number of people. The principle of consequentialism or utilitiarian ethics states that the end justifies the means. The correct action is that action that brings out the greatest good to the entire community or population (http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/utilitarianism-history/#JerBen). For example, it is a common good to kill a convicted felon to prevent individuals from committing the same illegal acts (Portmore, 2011). Jeremy Bentham insisted that correct actions are those that bring about or increase happiness, and reduce pain (http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/utilitarianism-history/#JerBen). Applying the above consequentialism theory to the case, producing the electronic parts of the pace maker produces the greatest good for the greatest number of people (http://www.scu.edu/ethics/dialogue/candc/cases/supplier.html). The purpose of the pacemaker is to prolong the life of the dying person. Without a heart, the person will die. The pacemaker helps the heart beat. Without the pacemaker, the person would die a natural death. Consequently, the pacemaker prolongs the life of the pacemaker recipient for several years. By focusing on helping the pacemaker manufacturer improve the functional quality of the pacemakers, the electronics company helps increase the success of the pacemakers. Consequently, there is an increase in the pacemaker’s capacity to keep the failing human heart from stopping its continuous beating motion (http://www.scu.edu/ethics/dialogue/candc/cases/supplier_comments.html). 2) Jeremy Bentham Concept on the Case. Jeremy Bentham, father of utilitarianism, will rightly approve the decision to continue producing the electronic parts of the pacemakers. By helping the pacemaker manufacturers improve the functional quality of the pacemakers, the electronics company increases the functional quality of the pacemakers. Consequently, the pacemaker adds more years to the dying patients’ lives. For the dying person, adding more years to one’s earthly life is a greater good when compared to just letting the patient die a natural death (Bentham, 2009). The popularity of the pacemaker is its capacity to prolong the dying person’s life by stimulating the non-beating heart to beat. Without the pacemakers’ stimulating motion, the patient would have died instantly. The improved pacemakers will increase the patients’ and their families’ pleasure of having their dying relative live additional years on earth and avoiding the pain of losing their dying relative at an earlier date. 3. Utility test. Step A. There are three alternatives. The first alternative is to stop supplying the electronic parts of the pac emakers. Second, the electronics company will continue producing the electronic parts of the pacemakers and coordinate with the pacemaker company to improve the success rate of the pacemakers (Mandal, 2010). Step B. The are consequences and costs of each alternative. In terms of alternative 1, the short term and long term benefits (consequences) include removing the possible of future medical suits from the pacemaker patients and being wrongly blamed for the pacemaker’

1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10000 words

1 - Essay Example The economic theory dictates that the value of property is dependent on its demand. This also encompasses intangible property. According to Sople (2003), the brainchild of human intellect and wisdom is IP. IP is generally divided into two categories. Industrial property is that which encompasses patents, trademarks, industrial designs and geographic indications of source (WIPO 2010). On the other hand, copyright, the second class of IP, covers all literary and artistic works that are to be protected; copyright includes poems and plays, musical compositions, paintings, photographs and sculptures (WIPO 2010). The protection of IP is a major concern for policy makers. Countries like the US, Japan and the Netherlands attach great importance to the safeguard of IP. As discussed in detail in the following paragraphs, the protection of IP is important for economic growth and stability. Protection of IP also provides channels for the sustainment of technological advances, and in attracting investments in the country; this in turn leads to the creation of more jobs. The World Banks Global Economic Prospects Report for 2002 recongnized the growing importance of IP in the economic sector and how it is necessary for today’s globalized economies. It was observed in the report that â€Å"across the range of income levels, intellectual property rights (IPR) are associated with greater trade and foreign direct investment flows, which in turn translate into faster rates of economic growth† (Field 2008). For instance in the US, researches conducted over the last few years have established that about half of the exports are now dependent on the protection of IP, as compared to only 10% exports 50 years ago (Field 2008). At the national level, the system of intellectual property is regarded as one of the most important foundations of the current economic policy. Over the time, its importance has been recognized in sustainable development in

Sociology and culture of Chicago Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sociology and culture of Chicago - Essay Example That's why Chicago has the biggest population and median home values throughout the state. In 2000 there were 2,896,016 people living in Chicago. The U.S Census Bureau provides us with the data that says that 42.0% of Chicago dwellers are white, 36.8 % percent of them are Black or African American, the percentage of American Indian and Alaska Native persons is only 0.4%, while there are 4.3% of Asian persons living in Chicago. 26% of Chicago dwellers are persons of Hispanic or Latino origin, and the percentage of the Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islanders is 0.1%. 2.9% of people reported two or more races, and 13.6% of the citizens reported some other race. The research conducted by the U.S Census Bureau displayed that the population of Chicago has grown by about 4%, but the Local Information Data Server Website reports that in recent years Chicago's population has been declining at an annual rate of less than one percent. The quantity of children under five years old was about 7.5% in Chicago in 2000, while the quantity of young people under eighteen, equaled 26.2%. 10.3% of the Chicago dwellers were sixty five years old and over at the time when the research was conducted. There were 51.5% of females dwelling in Chicago in 2000, and 48.5% percent of male dwellers. 21.7% of those, who lived in Chicago in 2000 we... In 1999 Median household income equaled $38,625, and the per capita money income was $20,175. 19.6% of Chicago dwellers lived below the poverty threshold in 1999. Like most big cities, Chicago has to deal with the problem of poverty within it. Of course, there are some people in the city that can't or don't want to work, but most of Chicago dwellers work hard to earn their living. The thing is that working very hard is often not enough to ensure the proper level of life for yourself or your family. Like all of the American huge cities, Chicago has to face the problem of the working poor. A new class of poor people appeared in the USA, those who can not provide themselves with the things needed for the decent living in spite of the amount of time and effort they spend. Those are home health care aides, call-center operators, child care workers, security guards, receptionists, food processors, gardeners, data-entry clerks, waiters and cleaners. If all of those low-waged workers stopped working at once, the countries social, economical and industrial life would be paralyzed. Low wages aren't the only problem of the working poor. Most of them are not socially secure. Of course this state of things influences their physical and psychological condition badly. The poor often cannot afford to buy a proper food and clothing for themselves and their children, or they have to choose between having a supper and paying the water and electricity bills. Most of them don't have any medical insurance, and those who have it wish they didn't, because it takes the considerable share of their earnings. Low-wage workers often experience problems finding the accommodation and paying for it, as the rent is too high for them. They are often

Cloud computing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Cloud computing - Research Paper Example This paper presents an analysis of cloud computing services and its value propositions in the context of a cloud computing vendor. In this scenario, I have chosen AT&T business for the analysis of their potential cloud services and value propositions. AT&T carries on quickly developing its cloud computing services to demonstrate characteristics similar to Amazon Web Services. Nowadays, it is proclaiming Synaptic-Compute-As-a-Service solutions. These solutions present processing a capability that can be used for â€Å"cloud-bursting† of in-house applications or for a testing and development technology based platform. Additionally, the cloud technology based service can be executed like a public cloud, or as a private cloud computing architecture on AT&T’s communication network based infrastructure, which will be linked to a client data center through AT&T’s network (Bradley, 2009; Data Center Knowledge, 2009). In addition, this innovative solution expands AT&T’s cloud computing portfolio, which as well comprises AT&T Synaptic web based hosting: basically a completely controlled hosting species presenting cloud technologies based solutions as well as Synaptic-Storage-As-a-Service. Additionally, by providing computer services and storage, AT&T desires to control its recognizable brand as well as communication network to compete with corporations searching for a comfort level using cloud computing (Bradley, 2009; Data Center Knowledge, 2009). Moreover, the AT&T’s cloud computing based service, which is known as AT&T Synaptic-Computer-Services, offers on-demand CaaS or computing-as-a-service. Additionally, the cloud structure of AT&T technology is based on the Sun Open Cloud Platform as well as making use of Sun Cloud APIs in combination with a VMware virtual architecture. In this scenario, the AT&T communication cloud is a great deal more

Sociology and culture of Chicago Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sociology and culture of Chicago - Essay Example That's why Chicago has the biggest population and median home values throughout the state. In 2000 there were 2,896,016 people living in Chicago. The U.S Census Bureau provides us with the data that says that 42.0% of Chicago dwellers are white, 36.8 % percent of them are Black or African American, the percentage of American Indian and Alaska Native persons is only 0.4%, while there are 4.3% of Asian persons living in Chicago. 26% of Chicago dwellers are persons of Hispanic or Latino origin, and the percentage of the Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islanders is 0.1%. 2.9% of people reported two or more races, and 13.6% of the citizens reported some other race. The research conducted by the U.S Census Bureau displayed that the population of Chicago has grown by about 4%, but the Local Information Data Server Website reports that in recent years Chicago's population has been declining at an annual rate of less than one percent. The quantity of children under five years old was about 7.5% in Chicago in 2000, while the quantity of young people under eighteen, equaled 26.2%. 10.3% of the Chicago dwellers were sixty five years old and over at the time when the research was conducted. There were 51.5% of females dwelling in Chicago in 2000, and 48.5% percent of male dwellers. 21.7% of those, who lived in Chicago in 2000 we... In 1999 Median household income equaled $38,625, and the per capita money income was $20,175. 19.6% of Chicago dwellers lived below the poverty threshold in 1999. Like most big cities, Chicago has to deal with the problem of poverty within it. Of course, there are some people in the city that can't or don't want to work, but most of Chicago dwellers work hard to earn their living. The thing is that working very hard is often not enough to ensure the proper level of life for yourself or your family. Like all of the American huge cities, Chicago has to face the problem of the working poor. A new class of poor people appeared in the USA, those who can not provide themselves with the things needed for the decent living in spite of the amount of time and effort they spend. Those are home health care aides, call-center operators, child care workers, security guards, receptionists, food processors, gardeners, data-entry clerks, waiters and cleaners. If all of those low-waged workers stopped working at once, the countries social, economical and industrial life would be paralyzed. Low wages aren't the only problem of the working poor. Most of them are not socially secure. Of course this state of things influences their physical and psychological condition badly. The poor often cannot afford to buy a proper food and clothing for themselves and their children, or they have to choose between having a supper and paying the water and electricity bills. Most of them don't have any medical insurance, and those who have it wish they didn't, because it takes the considerable share of their earnings. Low-wage workers often experience problems finding the accommodation and paying for it, as the rent is too high for them. They are often

Argument analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Argument analysis - Essay Example Throughout the book Lewis uses very persuasive and precise arguments to make his case. At the beginning of Chapter Two, Lewis examines the problem of pain. The argument is based on some contradictory premises: 1. Because God is good and all powerful, he would want to create a good world 2. The world is not good 3. God is therefore either not good or not all powerful Lewis examines these premises throughout Chapter two and decides the issue is more nuanced. Words like â€Å"omnipotence† are problematic, as is the word â€Å"goodness.† Our words and terms do not really fit God, in all his glory. We cannot be expected to understand the mysterious ways of the universe, Lewis argues. Essentially this is an argument about faith. Lewis seems to be saying: If you don't really understand things, just trust the priests to understand it for you. These premises rely on a number of logical leaps that Lewis uses throughout his argument. For example, he looks back over history and con cludes that religious feeling has always been with us. From the dawn of humanity people have believed in something larger than themselves. At first their knowledge of these phenomena was far from perfect and they mistook all sort of occurrences as signs of divine power. Now nothing is more certain than that man, from a very early period, began to believe that the universe was haunted by spirits . . . It is therefore theoretically possible that there was a time when men regarded these spirits simply as dangerous and felt towards them just as they felt towards tigers. What is certain is that now, at any rate, the numinous experience exists and that if we start from ourselves we can trace it a long way back (15). This is an interesting observation, but it would have been best to explore what a numinous experience really is. Is it an actually transaction with the supernatural? Or is it something physiological? Without an understanding about the reality of mystical experiences it is hard to go much further with this. There are for example, studies which suggest the commonly observed phenomenon in near-death experiences—a white light at a tunnel—is a physiological reaction that can be replicated by cutting off oxygen to the brain. Is this too a numinous experience? He asks us to expand on our definitions of goodness and omnipotence while narrowing the possible explanations for phenomena in the world. Indeed, as Lewis explains: The problem of pain is a problem about the order of the universe. As Lewis puts it, Christianity is not a solution to the problem, but in fact brings the problem into question as it promises something better than pain: â€Å"for pain would be no problem unless, side by side with our daily experience of this painful world, we had received what we think a good assurance that ultimate reality is righteous and loving† (21). So how has Christianity promised any of this? Those who believe pain dominates all, argue that it cannot and that it is a sham. But Lewis does not believe this. The argument Lewis makes can be generalized by saying that humans do have a power over their lives and are not part of a clockwork universe. They choose how to live and who to obey. If they wish to turn their backs on God and ignore him they are entirely capable of doing so. If they wish to behave in a bad manner and injure their fellows and disrespect authority, again they can do so. But this will not make them happy or fulfil them in any way. They have

Nanyang Optical Company Strategy

Nanyang Optical Company Strategy Overview Nanyang Optical is a well established company in Singapore, with more than 30 years of experience in retail, wholesale and manufacturing in the eyewear industry. They are one of Singapores largest optical retail chains with more than 20 outlets operating in Singapore, Indonesia and China. The reason why Nanyang Optical is able to get to where it is today is because of the product design and development strategies they have adopted throughout the years. Nanyang Optical uses both the market pull and technology push strategy to attract new customers and retain old customers. The managing director of Nanyang Optical, Mr Yang Wah Kiang, is a man with foresight. He was able to see opportunities in coming up with innovative eyewear designs, which eventually gave them an edge over competitors. His entrepreneurial abilities, together with his creativity as a product designer, led to successful creations of award winning eyewear. This included the Urband design, which product development process will look studied in this paper. Background Eyeglasses were created in the 13th century with the sole purpose of aiding the user to read and write [1]. Developments in the eyeglasses were in the functional aspect rather than on the â€Å"fashion† aspect. It was not until the 1980s that customers insist on having eyeglass frames as both a functional equipment and fashion accessory. Since then, design of eyewear began to pick off with many clothing designers diversifying their resources in designing high-end mainstream frames [2]. Companies around the world, in Japan, China, Europe, are designing eyewear for the mass market. Both their frames, similar looking within their classes, vary only in colors and/or materials. Niche designers such as Alain Milki and Toki specialized in unique and more expensive frames with great customer appeal. However, customers have to pay a premium for such products. Nanyang Optical took advantage of the situation to come up with innovative eyewear that has its own identity and character. Mr Yang came up with simple yet strong frames which were aesthetically pleasant. This move, together with some marketing strategies, gave Nanyang Optical a competitive advantage over other retailers. Scope In chapter 2, the general strategies adopted by Nanyang Optical, such as the market pull and technology push factors will be presented. In Chapter 3, the product development process of a particular eyewear, Urband will be studied. This will be followed by an analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the development process in Chapter 4. The Nanyang Optical Strategy Product differentiation is imperative as customers hunt for the cheaper alternative between two similar products [3]. Nanyang Optical was able to identify opportunities [4] in the fashion eyewear industry, designing high differentiated frames that are functionally superior, specifically for the mass market who desire niche designs and high-end market, with affordable prices relative to clothing designers eyewear. Nanyang Optical adopted both market pull and technology push approaches in their eyewear designs, with a customer focused competitive strategy. Market Pull Strategy Flexis, Urband And Link frames The Flexis, Urband and Link â€Å"innovation eyewear† are shining examples of new platform, market pull products. These frames are marketed to anyone of any age, even old people who feel they are â€Å"young at heart†. Flexis appeals to customers who desire a full rim frame that is lightweight, comfortable and has minimal visual obstruction [5]. The Urband frame attracts the masses with its innovative design of a light, modern, almost indestructible frame that is aesthetically superior. Its titanium frame variant offers a sleek, urban style whereas its acetate counterpart portrays a more youthful look with its thicker, hipper build. With all these features, it is priced lower than luxury brands. Link frames are catered for the niche segment of mass market with its simple design and its wide variety of shapes, colors and styles for the front piece. Customers are given a special casing, shaped as an oval with a center cut out for attaching to their bags to create a fashion statement. Link spectacles can be easily accessed and stowed without the hassle of removing the case. Urband and Link were chosen as winners of the 2006 iF material award, a valuable award viewed by many designers. Although Nanyang Opticals competitors were able to design such frames, they required special tools for assembly and disassembly, causing inconvenience to retailers and customers. Nanyang Optical was first to develop fuss-free innovative eyewear in the market, leading other competitors who claimed to sell â€Å"innovative eyewear† with Prada, Channel or Gucci logos on their frames or sold innovative design frames at twice to four times the price. Japanese innovative eyewear company Toki, the closest competitor to Nanyang Optical, is unable to offer attractive prices as a result of high manufacturing costs in Japan [6]. Excellent Customer Service And Boutique Stalls As part of its corporate values, Nanyang Optical ensures that customers receive the best service and shopping experience, adopting a more expensive channel contact in the form of branches to educate customers about its differentiated and innovative products. The result would be customer loyalty and greater value. Customers contribute feedback on the quality of the products and obtain rapid response in form of improved products and services. Nanyang Optical founded the Alexis Eyewear Boutiques in 1988, which house high-end exclusive eyewear in prime city locations. These outlets target local customers and tourists, providing them with premium services. Winning the Best Eyewear category for three consecutive years was a testimony to their services and excellent customer relationship management [7]. Technology Push Strategy Customers demand corporate social responsibility, causing a paradigm shift from â€Å"less pollution† to â€Å"carbon negative products that have a positive effect on the environment†. Companies have to balance the triangle of sustainability, competitiveness and innovation to ensure future success [8]. Nanyang Optical has embarked on changing their stores and products to â€Å"Green† products, utilizing a full circle recycling system based on recycled materials [9]. Despite having the constraints and limitations of using recycled materials, Nanyang Optical was able to go one step further to create a fundamentally new product that is international award winning, eco-friendly and eco-iconic design such as LinkSkin, made out of recycled materials. Other models including Eyelet used 70% recycled materials with no soldering in its construction, a process that could add emissions of CO2. The award-winning Urband design used no springs, screws or soldering, yet having a stronger structure compared to its competitor models. With its strong design team from Eye-biz, French fashion designers, good quality manufacturers from China and a top management team focused on innovation, eco-design, Nanyang Optical will continue to stay ahead of its competitors in providing a wide range of compelling products to pull the markets, gain customer loyalty and value and innovate new technology products for the benefits of customers and the company. Product Development Process Of Urband In this chapter, the focus will be on the resources and time taken for the development of Urband frames. Urband frame was a brand new concept which uses S-clip to replace the usual springs and screws. Nanyang Optical divided the product development process into three interconnected parts: product function design, product fashion design, and manufacture, with the latter two parts being outsourced to its partners. This method makes good use of all the resources and adopts suitable product design strategy like concurrent engineering to optimize its product design process and handle the new technology requirements and fashion trends. In most cases of eyewear design companies, it takes two to three years to finish the design process of a new product. Therefore, it is vital to arrange the product process properly and gather all the available resources to minimize the cost. Product Function Design This part covers the whole product developing process. It usually lasts for 18 to 36 months depending on the type of products. Nanyang Optical is mainly responsible for the technical improvement and feature development of its new products. In order to take advantage of the low manpower cost in China, Nanyang Optical owns a 1,000-square-foot RD center in Shenzhen. This center houses 10 senior local Chinese research and development professionals and product designers whose main focus is on the technical issues, such material and new frame design concepts. Developing new products is a tedious and time consuming process that involves significant investments and endless obstacles. When Nanyang Optical first came up with the new S-clip design for the frame, it took nearly three years and several iterations to perfect the design, choose the proper material and settle on the final models. Though this design was harder to manufacture in comparison with more conventional designs, these evolutionary new frames were without any springs, screws or soldering and hence they made eyewear stronger and eliminated the age-old problem caused by screws loosing. [10] This new design helped Nanyang Optical to steadily rise among the western rivals. In recent years, Nanyang Optical was quick to respond to customers inclination towards a greener environment. Together with its powerful product design team, Nanyang acted on its social responsibility and began its product development towards eco-friendly and reusable eyewear. Product Fashion Design In this area, Nanyang Optical partnered three French fashion eyewear designers who have experiences with top brand company as well as a sharp trend sense in eyewear fashion. As soon as the prototypes of Urband frames from the China development center were ready, the three designers would be responsible for creating contemporary styles, branding and packaging for Nanyang Optical to enhance the product appeal. The designers will also assemble the product with their French taste of beauty and handle the delicate marketing push sales, hence retaining the high-end frames and attracting more customers. This process usually takes about 6 months. Nanyang Optical believes that French fashion is perceived to be the best and consumers would tend to buy and pay more to purchase French brand, which would allow them â€Å"to have a much better chance of succeeding internationally† than a Asian or an American brands [2]. Manufacture This part will begin after the fashion design is completed. If the manufacturing went smoothly, the latest product could be finished in 1 month. In order to concentrate on the development of eyewear, Nanyang Optical does not operate a factory, which would cost too much effort to deal with the detail fairs. In fact, they outsource their frame production to a Shenzhen company, which is located in a well-developed place with eyewear production facilities. This allows them to lower the manufacture costs. As the unique design like Urband or Link from Nanyang Optical has high failure rates and high production cost, the product development center would send one team to stay with the production company to deal with the production problems as well as inspect the quality, and report the manufacture burden to the development center in time. [2,10] Other Resources Nanyang Optical also cooperates with SIMTech, one of A*STARs center in sustainable manufacturing technologies, to assess the life cycle of its business operations and identify potential areas for improving sustainability. SIMTech has also aided Nanyang Optical in making industrial polymer waste into fashionable eyewear frames by cutting the recycled pellets. This product is not only eco-friendly, but it also helps Nanyang Optical in saving its production cost. [11] Analysis Of Product Development Process In this chapter, the steps taken for the product development process will be evaluated for their strengths and weaknesses. Design In coming up with new eyewear design, the managing director, Mr. Yang, assembled a team of ten research design professionals and trained product designers. The professionals were hand-picked and paid competitively. Having a dedicated product development team allows them to focus intensively on research into facial contours, fashion trends and optical technicalities. For example, it was discovered that titanium could not be used for the S-clips because friction caused titanium to discolor from grey to black. Stainless steel was subsequently adopted for the S-clips. Hence, teams dedicated to their own specific areas allow them to have more time and concentration to do what they are good at, in order to recognise problems and overcome obstacles more easily. Partnership The forming of partnerships with the 3 French designers allowed Mr Yang to leverage on his partners expertise and gave himself more time to focus on issues that were better suited to his own skill set. This allows product development to work concurrently and at the same time give the French designers full responsibilities to work on fashion design, packaging, branding and marketing aspects. The combined product design and fashion efforts were successful when Urband and Linkskin were selected as winners of 2006 iF (International Forum) material award and a 2007 Red Dot award. The Dulles, Va.-based Industrial Designers Society of America named Linkskin a finalist for its 2008 International Design Excellence Awards [12]. More recently, Urband Origami collection had got another two design awards, Red Dot Design Award winner 2009 and 2009 iF material award gold [13]. While Linkskin won 2009 International Forum Design Award Gold. Branding And Marketing Launched of Urband at the SILMO (an essential trade show for professionals in the optics/eyewear sector) industry fair in Paris in October 2005 was very successful as the French national newspaper Le Figaro chose the titanium Urband as the industrys #1 new design and the acetate Urband as #3. Apart from the additional media coverage, one publication even placed Urband alongside mega-brand Oakley in its reviews. The positive reviews and media coverage puts the product in a good position for sales in the market. This showed how important going for the right kind of media coverage is. Mr Yang was smart to launch the eyewear at Europe as he wanted the brand to be identified as European in order to have high prestige and greater pricing power. He also chose the correct fair to launch his eyewear as the fair was a stylish affair, thus giving his eyewear a positive outlook. Manufacturing Outsourcing of the manufacturing aspects allowed Mr Yang to gather all his resources to focus on creativity and improvement on the design of the frame. However, the initial outcome in search for outsourcing to factories was disappointing even though China was responsible for much of the worlds eyewear frame output. Few factory managers were willing to manufacture Urband or Link frames because of their unusual designs. The problem Nanyang Optical faced was that most work has to be performed by hand. This was made more challenging with the many variations between styles and colors. Another problem was that employees have to be given special training and with the high turnover rate, training for new employees has to be carried out frequently. These led to quality control problems, more rework and low yields. 10,000 titanium Urband frames were produced in China in a test run. The components had been outsourced to several factories and the frames had been assembled by hand by Eye-Biz employees. The production was considered a failure because Mr Yang had ordered enough components for 4,000 frames, but only 1,300 assembled frames passed the quality inspection. He had to order more parts and eventually 10,000 finished frames were assembled and approved. â€Å"It was a production nightmare† said Mr Yang. Therefore, when outsourcing is used, the disadvantage would be having the need to work closely with the factories, provide technical support and oversee quality control. Feedbacks The 10,000 frames were distributed in Europe to gather consumer feedbacks and generate industry buzz. The frames manage to sell well, but some consumers later return them to retailers as the color painted onto the titanium faded after several months. Mr Yang resolves this issue with a better color plating technique. Hence, we see how feedbacks will encourage continuous improvement in on-going product development and enhance the brands reputation as a reliable and fashionable product. Conclusion In this paper, we have seen how Nanyang Optical was able to identify the correct opportunities and come up with the right kind of eyewear designs at the appropriate time. They brought in a new kind of innovative eyewear for the mass who wanted niche designs at affordable pricing. These designs were able to cater to customers of all ages, hence attracting many customers. Besides this, Nanyang Optical was responsive towards customers feedback by improving their products and services. This was helpful in building customer loyalty. When there was a move towards a greener environment, Nanyang Optical was also quick to start coming up with eco-friendly products made out of recycled materials. Their sensitivity towards market needs and technology direction allow Nanyang Optical to succeed and maintain its own pool of customers, attracting more potential ones at the same time. In the process of product development, Nanyang Optical was able to take advantage of the low labour cost in China, as well as leverage on the creativity of its French fashion designers. The French designers were able to give a French outlook to the new eyewear, hence increasing the chances of the eyewear in succeeding internationally. Nanyang Optical also practiced concurrent engineering whereby prototypes of new designs were made as early as possible in order to discover any problems in the early stages. Outsourcing certain parts of the development process was a good option for Nanyang Optical as it not only allows them to be able to focus on what they are good at, but also allows them to achieve higher standards in areas they are not experts at. Nanyang Optical was careful in marketing their products. They chose to launch their new eyewear at a prestigious European fair, thus raising their own standards and allowing them to price the products at a higher range. However, not everything was smooth sailing for Nanyang Optical. The biggest obstacle they faced was the challenge in manufacturing the unusual eyewear. This was because most work was to be performed by hand, hence making the process very labor intensive. Training of employees needed to be carried out frequently due to high turnover rates, aggravating the quality control problems and lowering the yields. Every product development process has its own unique set of problems. The company must be prepared and well-equipped to handle all kinds of situations in order to stay competitive. The distribution of workload among partners is also very important as this will contribute to the efficiency and effectiveness of the entire product development process. Every stage in the development of a new product, from the initial design stage to the final launch stage must be planned with care to maximize the chances of success. References [1] Glasses (2009). Retrieved September 21, 2009, from Wikipedia Web site, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasses [2] Wee Beng Geok and Nigel Goodwin, Nanyang Optical: beyond production design from idea to launch, The Asia Business Case study, September 21, 2006 [3] Timothy C.G.Fisher and Robert G.Waschik. (2002). Managerial Economics: A game theoretic approach. New York: Routledge. [4] Leong Kah Fai. (2009). Chapter one: Introduction to Product Design. NTU. Singapore. [powerpoint slides]. Retrieved from Nanyang Technological University Blackboard. Site: http://edventure.ntu.edu.sg/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp?tab_id=_2_1url=%2fwebapps%2fblackboard%2fexecute%2flauncher%3ftype%3dCourse%26id%3d_317678_1%26url% [5] Singapores First eco-friendly Eyewear Store. (2009). Retrieved September 24, 2009, from Nanyang Optical Web site, http://www.nanyang.com.sg/products.html [6] Toki. (2006). Retrieved September 24, 2009, from Toki Web site, http://tokieyewear.com/index.php [7] Chen Chun-Hsien. (2009). Chapter seven: CRM and Mass Customization. NTU. Singapore. [powerpoint slides]. Retrieved from Nanyang Technological University Blackboard. Site: http://edventure.ntu.edu.sg/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp?tab_id=_2_1url=%2fwebapps%2fblackboard%2fexecute%2flauncher%3ftype%3dCourse%26id%3d_317678_1%26url%3d [8] Eco-innovative Design. (1997). Retrieved September 18, 2009, from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Web site, http://www.oecd.org/home/ [9] Singapores First eco-friendly Eyewear Store. (2009). Retrieved September 19, 2009, from Nanyang Optical Web site, http://www.nanyang.com.sg/eco.html [10] Robert Grace, Designer eyeglasses fit eco-friendly niche, Plastics News, September 8, 2008 [11]Singapore and US Institutes Collaborate in Environmentally Impactful Sustainable Manufacturing Technologies, ACN Newswire, April 12, 2009 [12]Welcome to LinkSkin eco-friendly eyewear world. (2009) Retrieved September 18, 2009, from LinkSkin web site, http://www.linkskin.com/ [13] Urband: designer of light and comfortable contemporary eyeglasses. (2009). Retrieved September 21, 2009, from Urband Web site, http://www.urband.com/

Oppostition To The New Deal :: essays research papers

Why was there opposition to the New Deal? In many ways the New Deal turned out to be a success. It clearly stopped the Depression from getting worse; gave hope and confidence to the American people at the worst tome in their history; and ‘saved’ American democracy. But why did it face so much opposition and criticism. Firstly, many people believed that the New Deal went against the basic principles of the American constitution. Many people, including the Republicans, thought that the government should not interfere with the economy or help the poor, i.e. there should be policy of laissez faire. However, Roosevelt defied this by setting up social welfare systems and by setting up the National Industry Recovery Act. Later on, however, the Supreme Court decided that several of Roosevelt’s laws were unconstitutional and they were subsequently vetoed. Moreover, after Roosevelt’s victory in the 1936 election, Roosevelt grew so confident that he felt he could replace members of the Supreme Court with people chosen by himself. However, this did no go down well with the American public and as a result many people began to oppose Roosevelt and his policies. Secondly, the New Deal meant that the rich were taxed more in order to pay for the schemes to help the poor. Many business leaders also opposed Roosevelt’s support for trade unions and employee rights. Wealthy business organisations, such as the American Liberty League, opposed Roosevelt. As they did not like the way the New Deal ‘interfered’ with business. Thirdly, more serious opposition came from radicals, such as Louisiana state senator Huey Long, who believed the government and the New Deal had not done enough to stop poverty and unemployment. Long called for taxation of the rich and the total confiscation of all fortunes over $5 million. His ‘Share our Wealth’ scheme, Long claimed, would give each American family $6,000 to spend. These ideas became very popular among the poor, with over 7.5 million people joining these schemes. There was also much opposition from the States who believed that the New Deal was undermining their authority. Oppostition To The New Deal :: essays research papers Why was there opposition to the New Deal? In many ways the New Deal turned out to be a success. It clearly stopped the Depression from getting worse; gave hope and confidence to the American people at the worst tome in their history; and ‘saved’ American democracy. But why did it face so much opposition and criticism. Firstly, many people believed that the New Deal went against the basic principles of the American constitution. Many people, including the Republicans, thought that the government should not interfere with the economy or help the poor, i.e. there should be policy of laissez faire. However, Roosevelt defied this by setting up social welfare systems and by setting up the National Industry Recovery Act. Later on, however, the Supreme Court decided that several of Roosevelt’s laws were unconstitutional and they were subsequently vetoed. Moreover, after Roosevelt’s victory in the 1936 election, Roosevelt grew so confident that he felt he could replace members of the Supreme Court with people chosen by himself. However, this did no go down well with the American public and as a result many people began to oppose Roosevelt and his policies. Secondly, the New Deal meant that the rich were taxed more in order to pay for the schemes to help the poor. Many business leaders also opposed Roosevelt’s support for trade unions and employee rights. Wealthy business organisations, such as the American Liberty League, opposed Roosevelt. As they did not like the way the New Deal ‘interfered’ with business. Thirdly, more serious opposition came from radicals, such as Louisiana state senator Huey Long, who believed the government and the New Deal had not done enough to stop poverty and unemployment. Long called for taxation of the rich and the total confiscation of all fortunes over $5 million. His ‘Share our Wealth’ scheme, Long claimed, would give each American family $6,000 to spend. These ideas became very popular among the poor, with over 7.5 million people joining these schemes. There was also much opposition from the States who believed that the New Deal was undermining their authority.